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Adv MS Chapter 35
Assessment of Musculoskeletal Function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The shaft of the long bones are also known as this? | Diaphysis |
| The ends of the long bones? | Epiphyses |
| The ends of the long bones are covered at the joints by (tough, elastic, and avascular tissue). | Cartilage |
| Function in the bone formation by secreting bone matrix. | Osteoblasts |
| Mature bone cells involved in bone maintenance; they are located in lacunae. | Osteocytes |
| located in Howship's lacunae; multinuclear cells involved in dissolving and resorbing bone. | Osteoclasts |
| The microscopic functioning unit of mature cortical bone. | Osteon |
| Lacunae in cancellous bone layered in an irregular lattice network. | Trabeculae |
| Bone formation | Osteogenesis |
| Process by which the bone matrix is formed and hard mineral crystals composed of calcium and phosphorus are bound to the collagen fibers. | Ossification |
| Old bone is removed and new bone is added to the skeleton. | Remodeling |
| Removal or destruction of bone. | Resorption |
| Bone reduced in terms of mass and weakness | Osteopenic |
| Occurs when bone is deprived of blood. | Necrosis |
| Stage of bone healing during the first 1-2 days of the fracture. | Hematoma formation |
| Stage of bone healing occurring with the formation of granulation tissue. | Inflammatory phase |
| Stage of bone healing begins during the 3rd - 4th weeks of fracture healing in which mature bone gradually replaces the fibrocartilaginous callus. | Reparative phase |
| Stage of bone healing that occurs as necrotic bone is removed by the osteoclasts. | Remodeling |
| What type of imaging is used to monitor the progress of bone healing. | Serial xrays |
| Junction of 2 or more bones | Joint |
| Fibrous joints that are immovable (ie - skull sutures) | Synarthrosis |
| Cartilaginous joints that allow limited motion. | Amphiarthrosis |
| Synovial joints that are freely movable joints. | Diarthrosis |
| Diarthrosis joint that permits full freedom of movement | Ball and socket |
| Diarthrosis joint that permits bending in only one direction. | Hinge |
| Diarthrosis joint that allows movement in two planes at right angles to each other. | Saddle |
| Diarthrosis joint that allows one bone to move around a central axis without displacement. | Pivot |
| Diarthrosis joint that allows for limited movement in all directions. | Gliding |
| Surrounds the joints. | Joint capsule |
| Lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid. | Synovium |
| Ropelike bundles of collagen fibrils that bind the joints together. | Ligaments |
| Cords of fibrous tissue that connect muscle to bone. | Tendons |
| Sac filled with synovial fluid that cushions the movement of tendons, ligaments, and bones. | Bursa |
| Muscle cells contract in response to this. | Electrical stimulation |
| Contraction of the muscle in which the length of the muscles remains constant but the force generated by the muscles is increased. | Isometric contraction |
| Contraction of the muscle in which the shortening of the muscle without an increase in tension within the muscle. | Isotonic contraction |
| Main source of energy for the muscles cells. | ATP |
| Produced by the maintenance of some of the muscle fibers in a contracted state. | Muscle tone |
| A muscle that is limp and without tone. | Flaccid |
| A muscle with greater-than-normal tones. | Spastic |
| Denervated muscles; soft and flabby. | Atonic |
| Enlargement of muscle from an increase in the size of individual muscle fibers without an increase in their number. | Hypertrophy |
| Decrease in the size of muscle. | Atrophy |
| Increased forward curvature of the thoracic spine that causes a bowing or rounding of the back, leading to a hunchback or slouching posture. | Kyphosis |
| An exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine; swayback. | Lordosis |
| A lateral curving deviation of the spine. | Scoliosis |
| Assessed by having patient walk away from the examiner for a short distance. | Gait |
| Grating or crackling sound or sensation at the point of abnormal motion. | Crepitus |
| Excessive fluid within the capsule of a joint. | Effusion |
| Most common site for joint effusion. | Knee |
| Complete separation of joint surfaces. | Dislocation |
| Partial separation of joint surfaces. | Subluxation |
| Rhythmic contraction of a muscle. | Clonus |
| Involuntary twitching of muscle fiber groups. | Fasciculation |
| Jewelry, hair clips, hearing aids, credit cards with magnetic strips, and other metal-containing objects must be removed prior to this diagnostic test. | MRI |
| This level is altered in patients with osteomalacia, parathyroid dysfunction, Paget's disease, metastatic bone tumors, or prolonged immobilization. | Calcium |
| This level is inversely related to calcium levels and are diminished in osteomalacia associated with malabsorption syndrome. | Phosphorus |
Created by:
mcnabb
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