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National Latin Exam
National Latin Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ad, ante, circum, contra, in, inter, per, post, prope, trans take ____ case subject. | accusative prepositions |
| de, ex, in, pro, sine, sub take _____ case subject. | ablative prepositions |
| ego | I (nom) |
| nos | we, us (nom) |
| tu | you (sg) (nom) |
| vos | you all (pl) (nom) |
| vocative differs from nominative how? | Direct Address |
| For 2nd declension nouns, the vocative changes: | -us-->-e -ius-->-i |
| qui, quae, quod | who, which, that |
| quis (?) | Who...? |
| quid (?) | What...? |
| quot (?) | How many...? |
| Count 0-10 | nulla |
| unus | One |
| duo | Two |
| tres | Three |
| quattuor | Four |
| quinque | Five |
| sex | Six |
| septem | Seven |
| octo | Eight |
| novem | Nine |
| decem | 10 |
| roman numerals | I...1 V…5 X…10 L..50 C…100 D…500 M…1000 |
| cras | tommorrow |
| heri | yesterday |
| ibi | there |
| mox | soon, presently |
| ubi | where, when |
| cur (?) | Why? |
| ubi (?) | Where? |
| quomodo (?) | How? |
| quam + adj and adv | Than (e.g. better than this) |
| aut | or |
| neque | and...not |
| quod | because |
| et...et | both...and |
| neque...neque | neither...nor |
| Decline “esse” in Imperfect tense | eram eras erat eramus eratis erant |
| Decline “esse” in Future tense | ero eris erit erimus eritis erint |
| Future active endings for 1st/2nd conjugation verbs | bo bis bit bimus bitis bunt |
| Future active endings for 3rd/4th conjugation verbs | am es et emus etis ent |
| Future perfect endings for all conjugations | ero eris erint erimus eritis erunt |
| gratias agere | to give thanks |
| memoria tenere | To hold by memory |
| Pompeii | Bay of Naples |
| Ostia | Italy boot shin |
| Mt. Vesuvius | ankle of Italy boot |
| Brundisium | High Heel part of Italy boot |
| Apennine Mountains | run down italy |
| Athens | In greece, bottom right of non-islands |
| Gaul | France (above spain but below germany) |
| Carthage | Northern Central Africa |
| Tours | western France/Gaul |
| Troy | Turkey |
| Order of political system (ex. monarchy) | Monarchy Republic Empire |
| Dates of monarchy | 753-509 BC, Kings ruled |
| Dates of republic | 509 -27 BC, Consuls ruled |
| Dates of Empire | 27 BC-476 AD, Emperors ruled |
| Names of leaders during political systems (ex. consul) | King Consul Emperor |
| 7 Kings of Rome | romulus Numa Hostilius Marcius Priscus Tullius Superbus |
| Romulus | -Myth of the founding of Rome: they were thrown into rivers, saved and fed by a she-wolf and grew up, and founded Rome in 750 BCE |
| Tarquinius Superbus What was his personality and background | Last king of Rome Mean Etruscan |
| Horatius | defending the bridge on Tiber River Saved Rome from the Etruscans |
| Cincinnatus | A model dictator for the Romans. He organized an army, led the Romans to victory, attended victory celebrations, and returned to his farmland all within 16 days. Returned to his farm |
| Arachne and Minerva | Arachne can weave "better than Minerva" They have a weaving competition Arachne weaves the Gods’ errors Minerva turns her into a spider |
| Midas | Dionysus gave him the gift of everything he touched turned to gold |
| Forum | Rome's public meeting place |
| Palatine Hill | Rome was founded on this hill |
| Via Appia | one of the famous highways of ancient Roman times Goes from Rome to Brundisium |
| Pantheon | A building built in Rome during the reign of Augustus as a temple to all the gods of ancient Rome |
| Campus martius | along the Tiber river, Pantheon and Theater of Pompey. training ground for soldiers. |
| aquaeductus | waterways that allowed Romans to get clean water |
| thermae | Huge public baths which was the supposed compensation of the government for the lack of running water in insulae, which allowed subjects to remain hygienic |
| circus maximus | a Roman outdoor arena in which public games, such as chariot races, were held |
| amphitheatrum | "Double theater" It held gladiatorial shows Example: Coloseum |
| curia | Senate House |
| basilica | a Roman building used for public administration |
| triclinium | dining room |
| culina | kitchen |
| toga | A one-piece cloak worn by men in ancient Rome. |
| tunica | simple white tunic Worn by both women and men |
| stola | sleeveless floor length dress worn by most adult females |
| rostra | speaking platform |
| palla | shawl to cover body body and head Worn by women |
| Sol lucet | the sun is shining |
| Adsum | I am present |
| per annum | by the year (annually) |
| i.e | id est “That is” |
| Trojan War | Mycenaeans (Greeks) vs. Troy. Trojan Prince kidnapped Helen, wife of the Mycenaean king. Greeks won by using the Trojan Horse |
| e.g | exempli grati “For example” |
| etc | And other things |
| ob + case they go with | on account of + acc |
| propter + case they go with | on account of + acc |
| hic | this |
| ille | that |
| is, ea, id | he, she, it |
| magnus (comp adjectives) | maior, maximus |
| parvus (comparative adjectives) | minor, minimus |
| bonus (comparative adjectives) | melior, optimus |
| malus (comparative adjectives) | peior, pessimus |
| multus(comparative adjectives) | plus, plurimus |
| multi (comparative adjectives) | plures, plurmini |
| qui, quae, quod (?) | What...?, Which...? |
| atque | and, also |
| quando (?) | When? |
| postquam | after |
| aut...aut | either...or |
| dic | Imperative speak |
| duc | Imperative lead |
| fac | Imperative make |
| fer | Imperative bring |
| nec...nec | neither...nor |
| sum (4 pp) | esse, fui, futurus, to be |
| possum (4 pp) | posse, potui, to be able |
| volo (4 pp) | velle, volui, to wish |
| eo | there, to that place |
| fero (4 pp) | ferre, tuli, latus, to bring |
| licet | it is allowed |
| placet | It pleases |
| placuit | It was decided |
| videtur | Seem (is seen) |
| iter facere | make a journey |
| brevi tempore | in a short time |
| adriatic sea | Sea on the eastern side of Italy |
| aegean sea | A body of water by Mediterranean Sea that touches the borders of Greece & Asia Minor. It also has many islands in it, including Crete. |
| black sea | Large body of water separating Ukraine from Turkey |
| Rhine river | A river in Western Europe that flows from eastern Switzerland into the North Sea. |
| Po river | River in northern Italy that flows to the Adriatic Sea |
| Rubicon river | Formed the border between Gaul and Italy. |
| Germania | Germany |
| Sicilia | Island off boot |
| Creta | Island below turkey |
| Augustus | (63 BCE - 14 CE) First emperor of Rome (27 BCE - 14 CE) He restored order and prosperity to the Empire after nearly a century of turmoil. Grandnephew to Julius Caesar. |
| Hannibal | Carthaginian military commander who, in the Second Punic War, attempted a surprise attack on Rome, crossed the Alps |
| Punic war | A series of three wars between Rome and Carthage (264-146 B.C.); resulted in the destruction of Carthage and Rome's dominance over the western Mediterranean. |
| Iulius Caesar | 100-44 B.C. Roman general who became the republic's dictator in 45 B.C. |
| Cleopatra | Ruler of Egyptian government who backed Caesar in the civil war he waged from 49 to 45 B.C. |
| Marc Antony | One of Caesar's generals, Falls in love with Cleopatra, He and Cleopatra declare war on Rome in 31 BC which they lose, member of second triumvirate. |
| Spartacus | A Roman gladiator who led the most serious slave revolt in Roman history from 73 to 71 B.C.E.). |
| Caesar's conquest of Gaul | |
| odysseus | Came up with the idea of the Trojan horse which led the Greeks to victory against Troy |
| perseus | slew Medusa and rescued Andromeda from a sea monster |
| Theseus | (Greek mythology) a hero and king of Athens who was noted for his many great deeds: killed Procrustes and the Minotaur and defeated the Amazons and united Attica |
| Daedalus | Athenian inventor who built the Labyrinth of Minos |
| chimera | fire-breathing she-monster with a lion's head and a goat's body and a serpent's tail |
| cerberus | 3-headed dog guarding the entrance to Hades |
| charon | (Greek mythology) the ferryman who brought the souls of the dead across the river Styx or the river Acheron to Hades |
| proserpina | Persephone Goddess of the udnerworld |
| styx | A river which formed a boundary between earth and the underworld. It circles the Underworld nine times. |
| roman baths (4 kinds) | Balnae-small Thermai-large Tepidarium-warm Apodyterium- changing |
| Surge! | Get up! |
| Bene respondisti | you answered well |
| sic semper tyannis | thus always to tyrants |
| status quo | The current state of things |
| object of prepositions ex. apud, praeter, super | (acc.) |
| FROM the city + prep | Ab urbe (ablative) |
| TO the city + prep | Ad urbem (accusative) |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum | himself, herself, itself |
| alter | another |
| scribe in tabula | write on the board |
| aperite libros | Open your books! |
| Quid novi? | what's new? |
| Mihi placet | it is pleasing to me |
| et al | and others |
| ad astra per aspera | to the stars through difficulties |
| quam with comparatives | Than |
| nam | for |
| ut | as, when |
| sive...sive | Whether...or |
| vel...vel | either...or |
| idoneus (comparatives adj and such) | Magis (more) Maxime (most) |
| deponents | Look assist but are translated active |
| dative with impero, pareo, placeo, praeficio, prosum | To Tibi (not te) |
| apud | before |
| praeter | besides |
| oportet | ought |
| decet | it should; it is becoming |
| fio | to become |
| malo | to prefer |
| idem | the same |
| aliquis | someone |
| quidem | indeed |
| quisque | each one |
| alius | other |
| nolo | not wish |
| solus | alone |
| jussive subjunctives | Commanding "let" |
| hortatory subjunctives | Let's work -ea- |
| indirect commands | A verb that is trying to get people to do something *ut/ne* with a subjunctive verb |
| purpose clause | Ut/ne and subjunctive “So that” |
| result clause | Ut/ut non and subjunctive and "that" |
| cum clauses | When/while and subjunctive Because/since and subjunctive Although with tamen |
| si | if |
| augures | Predict from birds |
| igitur | therefore |
| autem | however |
| tamen | however |
| weddings | Flammeum, reticulum, nupta, togas albam |
| funerals | *The conclamatio was often performed by the oldest son who called the family members' name, as if to call him/her back to life before closing the deceased's eyes. |
| *rogas | |
| *imagines | |
| *toga pulla | |
| triumph | Victor wore yoga picta |
| Laurel crown | |
| Captives and soldiers led too | |
| Feast | |
| Sacrifice | |
| "non sequitur" | A statement that does not follow logically from evidence |
| "ad hominem" | An argument based on the failings of an adversary rather than on the merits of the case |
| "crossing the rubicon" | "Point of no return" |
| ut bene scis | as you know well |
| ignosce mihi | forgive me |
| agenda-derivative of | agere- to do |
| pontifex maximus | the high priest of Rome, the head of Roman state religion; he appointed and oversaw the vestal virgins. |
| plaudite omnes | clap everyone |
| me paenitet | I'm sorry. |
| pridie | on the day before |
| ante diem | before the day |
| ides | 13th/15th day of month |
| niobe | Her children were killed by Artemis and Apollo because she said she was better than Leto with 14 children. Turned into a rock by Apollo becaused she cried for her sons. |
| kalends | first day of the month |
| nones | 5th/7th day of month |
| in matrimonium ducere | to lead into marriage |
| consilium capere | to form a plan |
| naples | lower west coast of italy |
| alexandria | City in Egypt founded by Alexander the Great, center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization |
| pyrrhus | King of Epirus in Greece.waged a series of wars. he often won, but lost too many soldiers in the process. at the time of his death, he had succeeded only in bringing Epirus to ruin. a Pyrrhic victory is one that was at much too high a price. |
| pyrenees | A chain of mountains between France and Spain |
| mt. etna | mountain that typhon-fire breathing titan defeated by zeus-lives under Located in Sicily |
| Marius | consul seven times- he is known for the big changes he made to the Roman army, making it easier for men to be Roman soldiers |
| Sulla | civil war in Rome; more power to PATRICIANS |
| pompey | Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC) |
| livia | Wife of Augustus, she was suspected of poisoning several family members, including Augustus himself. |
| tiberius | son-in-law of Augustus Second emperor of Rome |
| nero | First Roman emperor to persecute Christians |
| battle of cannae | Hannibal encircled Romans; beat force at least three times bigger than his own; greatest victory |
| battle of actium | battle between Marcus Antony and Octavian for control of the empire. Octavian won in 31 B.C. |
| Vestia | Hestia, goddess of the hearth, |
| (Roman mythology) goddess of the hearth and its fire whose flame was tended by vestal virgins | |
| caeruleus | blue |
| prasinus | green |
| rosaceus | pink |
| luteus | orange |
| aurius | orange |
| ruber | red |
| flavus | yellow |
| purpureus | purple |
| albus | white |
| ater | black |
| fuscus | brown |
| aurum | Gold |
| canus | grey |
| food of the gods | ambrosia |
| drink of the gods | nectar |
| personification of earth | Gaia |
| word derived from "all" and "gods" | Pantheon |
| spirits of woods, trees, rivers, springs, caves, mtns | nymphs |
| 2 Greek gods of fire--one friendly(hearth) and one unfriendly | Hestia/Hephaestus |
| physically imperfect god | Hephaestus |
| patron goddesses of the arts | muses |
| Gorgon who was mortal | Medusa |
| Maia and Zeus' son: shortly after birth created lyre | Hermes |
| goddess who threatened barren Earth if daughter not returned | Demeter |
| goddess of love and beauty | Aphrodite |
| god of light, sun, poetry, music, medicine, prophecy, arts | Apollo |
| god of war | Ares |
| goddess of moon, hunting, wild animals, childbirth, chastity | Artemis |
| goddess of wisdom, war, handicrafts, liberal arts | Athene |
| god of healing and medicine | Asclepius |
| goddess of Earth, agriculture, fertility, grain, harvest | Demeter |
| god of fertility, wine, revelry, theater | Dionysus |
| goddess of dawn | Eos |
| god of love | Eros |
| god of underworld | Hades |
| god of fire, forge, metal working | Hephaestus |
| queen of gods, goddess of marriage | Hera |
| god of invention, science, commerce, protector of travelers, thieves, gamblers | Hermes |
| goddess of hearth | Hestia |
| god of nature, fields, forests, hunters, shepherds, flocks & rustic life | Pan |
| goddess of the underworld | Persephone |
| god of sea, earthquakes, and horses | Poseidon |
| king of gods | Zeus |
| Greek poet other than Homer-- he wrote about the origins of gods | Hesiod |
| original empty void that existed before creation | chaos |
| another name for Gaia | Mother Earth |
| lowest region of underworld | Tartarus |
| son of aphrodite, created physical attraction b/t ppl | Eros |
| offspring of uranus and GAea with only one eye in middle of forehead | Cyclopes |
| offspring of uranus and gaea who were enormous beings, ruled before the gods | Titans |
| Titanness who was goddess of remembrance | Mnemosyne |
| vengeful creatures, hideous old women in charge of eternal punishiment | furies |
| youngest offspring of Cronus-- escaped being swallowed by Cronus and overthrew him | Zeus |
| other 5 children of Cronus | Poseidon, Hades, Hera, Hestia, Demeter |
| Rhea's method of preventing Cronus from swallowing the youngest offspring(Zeus) | disguised a rock by wrapping it in a blanket |
| giants freed by Zeus who produced his lightening bolts and helped him defeat Cronus | Cyclopes |
| Titan condemned to hold up the heavens | Atlas |
| 3 Olympians who divided the universe among themselves & their respective regions | Zeus, Hades, Poseidon |
| gift given to Hades by Cyclopes | invisible helmet |
| gift given to Poseidon by Cyclopes | trident |
| mountain that Typhon--fire breathing Titan defeated by Zeus-- lives under | Mt. Etna |
| 2 sons of Titan Lapetus who fought on the side of Zeus ("forethought" and "afterthought") | Prometheus and Epimetheus |
| gift Zeus withheld from humans which Prometheus provided despite Zeus' ban | fire |
| woman created by Hephaestus who brought suffering to the world | Pandora |
| object Zeus gave as Pandora's dowry | box/jar |
| only item left in Pandora's box | hope |
| where Prometheus was chained by Zeus as punishment for bringing fire to humans | Mt. Caucases |
| part of Prometheus' body that regenerated and was eaten by vultures repeatedly | liver |
| place ruled by Hades; destination of the dead | Underworld |
| name given to the spirits of the dead | shades |
| destination of ordinary shades in underworld | field of Asphodel |
| region of underworld surrounded by 3 high walls and Phlegethon, place of wicked | Tartarus |
| place of peace for virtuous souls | Elvisian Fields |
| river over which souls were ferried into Underworld | Styx |
| River of Woes | Archeron |
| River of Fire | Phlegethon |
| River of Forgetfulness | Lethe |
| River of Unbreakable Oaths | Styx |
| boatman who ferried souls into the underworlds | Charon |
| number of rivers in the underworld | 5 |
| where dead carried payment for boatmen | under tongues(mouths) |
| Hades' favorite animal; watchdog of the underworld | Cerberus |
| number of watchdog's head | 3 |
| number of judges in the underworld | 3 |
| fruit eaten by Persephone while in the Underworld that influenced length of annual stay | 6 seeds of Pomagranite |
| Zeus's most powerful weapon | thunderbolts |
| bird seen holding thunderbolts, a symbol of Zeus | eagle |
| Mortal killed by Zeus for bringing dead back to life | Asclepius |
| Zeus and Hera's son who took pleasure in fighting | Ares |
| Greed goddess sprang from Zeus;s head fully grown and wearing armor | Athene |
| goddess "wisdom" and wife of Zeus whom he swallowed | Metis |
| nine daughters of Mnemosyne and Zeus who presided over the arts | muses-- Terpsichore, Enterpe, Eruto, Polyhmnia, Thalia, Calliope, Melpomene, Urania, Clio |
| twins of Zeus and Leto | Apollo and Artemis |
| daughter of Zeus and Dione or perhaps born from sea foam | Aphrodite |
| Son of Zeus and Maia who stole Apollo's cows | Hermes |
| nymph whose chatter aided Zeus so Hera condemned her to only repeating | Echo |
| hero born to Zeus and Danae, cast out by grandfather who feared child would kill him | Hercules |
| to Hera as wedding gift by Gaea | Golden Apples |
| Hera and Zeus' crippled son | Hephaestus |
| Prince of Troy whose insult of Hera eventually led to the Trojan War | Paris |
| object belonging to Aphrodite that caused ppl to be irristable | linen scarf |
| sculptor who fell in love with statue that was brought to life | Pygmalion |
| name of statue that came to life and married its scuptor | Galatea |
| Parthenon | shrine to Athena on Acropolis in Athens |
| chief symbol of Athena | owl |
| Medusa was changed into creature so hideous that one looked at her and turned them into... | stone |
| hero who killed Medusa by cutting off her helmet | Perseus |
| Lyndian woman who bragged she was a better weaver than Athena | Arachne |
| animal Arachne was turned into by Athena | spider |
| instrument played by Apollo, obtained from Hermes | lyre |
| king who voted vs. Apollo in music contest and had his ears turned into donkey ears | Midas |
| mortal hunter who turned into stag by Artemis and killed by his own dogs | Actaeon |
| reason Artemis turned mortal hunter into stag | saw her bathing |
| hunter killed by Artemis when Apollo tricked her into shooting him | Coronus |
| animal created by Poseidon | horse |
| 3-pronged spear used by Poseidon to raise storms at sea | trident |
| function of helmet belonging to Hades, made by cyclopes | invisibility |
| talaria which helped _____ to _____ quickly | winged sandals to help Hermes deliver messages quickly |
| name of Hermes' winged staff wrapped by serpents | Herdsmen's staff |
| bird that was sacred to Ares | hawk |
| legendery founders of Rome, sons of mars(Roman Ares) | Romulus and Remus |
| king who returned Silenus to Dionysus and was given ability to turn objects into gold | Midas |
| daughter locked in tower by King Acrisius out of fear a child of hers would kill him | Danae |
| sword from stone | objects Theseus carried to Athens to prove himself heir to throne |
| giant whose limbs were cut off by Theseus | Pityocamptes |
| method used by Theseus to kill Sinis | body pulled in half by pine trees |
| sorceress married to Theseus' father who attempted to kill Theseus | Poseidon's wife |
| monster with bull's head / mans body; lived in maze | menatar |
| maze in which monster with bull's head / mans body lived | Labyrinth |
| daughter of Minos who aided Theseus in his escape from Labyrinth | Ariadne |
| son of Daedalus who was imprisoned with his father in Crete | Icarus |
| how Icarus died | flew too high/wings melted |
| architect of Labyrinth | Daedalus |
| color of sails Theseus flew accidently on return to Crete | black |
| Zeus/Jupiter | (Greek mythology) the supreme god of ancient Greek mythology |
| Poseidon/Neptune | God of the sea |
| Hades/Pluto | god of the underworld in ancient mythology |
| Hestia/Vesta | goddess of the hearth and its fire in ancient mythology |
| Hera/Juno | queen of the Olympian gods in ancient Greek mythology |
| Aries/Mars | God of war |
| Pallas Athena/Minerva | goddess of wisdom and useful arts and prudent warfare |
| Apollo | God of sun, music, poetry and medicine |
| Aphrodites/Venus | Goddess of love and beauty |
| Hermes/Mercury | Messenger god, god of commerce travelers and thieves |
| Artemis/Diana | Goddess of moon and hunting |
| Hephaestus | God of fire and forger of armor |
| Demeter/Ceres | Goddess of the harvest |
| Dionysus/Bacchus | God of the vine and wine |
| Eros/Cupid | God of love |
| Persephone/Proserpina | Goddess of springtime |
| Eos/Aurora | Goddess of the dawn |
| Eris/Discordia/Bellona | Goddess of discord |
| Saturn/Cronis | God of Agriculture |
| Aphrodite's Roman name | Venus |
| Apollo's Roman name | Apollo |
| Ares's Roman name | Mars |
| Artemis's Roman name | Diana |
| Athena's Roman name | Minerva |
| Demeter's Roman name | Ceres |
| Dionysus's Roman name | Bacchus |
| Hades's Roman name | Pluto |
| Hephaestus's Roman name | Vulcan |
| Hera's Roman name | Juno |
| Hermes's Roman name | Mercury |
| Poseidon's Roman name | Neptune |
| Zeus's Roman name | Jupiter |
| The Fates's | Control man's destiny; they cut the threads of life |
| The River Styx | The river one must cross to go into the underworld |
| Daedalus & Icarus | Father & son who make wings to help escape the labryinth |
| King Midas | King who wanted everything he touched turn to gold/greedy |
| Vulcan | Roman god of fire |
| The Titans | Gigantic Greek gods |
| God of fear | Phobos |
| ex officio | on the basis of his position |
| fuisset | had been |
| On what hill would a Roman general's triumphal procession typically end with a sacrifice in the temple of Jupiter? | capitoline |
| Which woodland goddess caused Actaeon to be torn apart by his dogs after he gazed upon her as she bathed? | Diana/Artemis |
| Marius and Sulla | End of republic Civil wars Marius was novus homo and Sulla was oppostite and proscription |
| First triumvirate | Caesar and Crassus and Pompey |
| Clytemnestra+Agamemnon= | Orestes |
| Cannae and Zama | Punic wars Hannibal won at Cannae Zama Hannibal lost |
| Easdem | The same |
| Hannibal vs. | Scipio |
| Mt. Olympus | Greece |
| Corsica and Sardina | East of italy |
| Quod | Which/because |
| Quot? | How many |
| Cicero was on whose side, not whose? | Pompey's side not Caesar's |
| Causa + abl | For sake of |
| Aeneas | Trojan from Troy Father of the Romans |
| Conquest of gaul | Defeated Helvetia (Switzerland) |
| Present passive infin | -ari, -eri, -i, -iri |
| Bay of naples | West coast |
| Antony vs. ____ at actium | Octavian |
| Modus vivendi | way/style of living |
| Modus operandi | a way/style of working |
Created by:
Lysippe
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