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Cell complexity

Review of cell transport and differentiation

TermDefinition
Cell transport Moving things in and out of the cell is an important role of the plasma membrane.
Passive transport Diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane with no expenditure of energy.
Simple diffusion Molecules more directly through the plasma membrane without assistance.
Facilitated diffusion Carrier proteins in the membrane allow large lipid-insoluble molecules that cannot cross the membrane by simple diffusion.
Osmosis Is the diffusion of water molecules from regions of lower solute concentration to regions of higher solute concentration across a partially permeable membrane.
Active transport The movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient, requiring an expenditure of energy.
Endocytosis A process of cellular ingestion by which the plasma membrane folds inward to bring substances into the cell.
Exocytosis Secretion of intracellular molecules, contained within membrane-bound vesicles, to the outside of the cell by fusion of vesicles with plasma membrane.
S-Phase In the interphase the is synthesis phase: DNA replication, in eukaryotic cells chromosomes are duplicated.
Mitosis Cell nucleus (Containing the replicated DNA) divides in two equal parts (Nuclear division).
Mitosis phases PMAT: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
Daughter cells New cells that are formed after cell division.
DNA Stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
DNA replication Duplication of DNA molecule, producing two identical copies from one original DNA molecule that occurs in the nucleus.
Stem cell Cell can develop into any type of body cell.
Stem cell-self renewal When stem cells divides, it produces two daughter cells. One daughter cell will remain a stem cell.
Zygote Fertilized egg. Cell that has all the genetic information stored in the chromosomes to make a complete new individual.
Specialized cell Cell with specific features and particular functions
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