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DNA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nucleotide | individual units of DNA; contains a phosphate group, nitrogen base and deoxyribose sugar. |
| Adenine pairs with | Thymine |
| Cytosine pairs with | Guanine |
| Double helix | shape of DNA from two chains of nucleotides connected together by nitrogen bases |
| DNA replication | The process of making 2 identical DNA molecules from a single DNA molecule. |
| DNA polymerase | The enzyme that inserts nucleotides between the two strands of DNA. |
| DNA helicase | The enzyme that unzips and unwinds the two strands of DNA during DNA replication. |
| Cell cycle | Alternating periods of rest and reproduction during a cell's life. |
| G1 | stage of the cell cycle where the cell is doing it's everyday functions. |
| S | stage of the cell cycle where the cell is making a copy of it's DNA. Chromosomes go from being 1 chromatid to 2 chromatids. |
| G2 | stage of the cell cycle where the organelles make a copy of themselves and get ready for reproduction. |
| Mitosis | stage of the cell cycle where the cell divides and makes 2 new cells. |
| prophase | stage of mitosis where the nuclear membrane dissolves, chromosomes become visible and centrioles become active. |
| metaphase | stage of mitosis where the centrioles and spindle fibers move the chromosomes to line up along the middle of the cell. |
| anaphase | stage of mitosis where sister chromatids of a chromosome are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell. |
| telophase | stage of mitosis where nuclear membranes reform around two sets of chromosomes and the cell starts to cleave in the middle. |
| cytokinesis | stage of the cell cycle when the cell splits into 2 identical cells. |
| totipotent cells | stem cells that can become ANY kind of cell in the body, including embryonic cells. |
| pluripotent cells | stem cells that become all kinds of cells, except embryonic cells. |
| multipotent cells | stem cells that can only become cells within a certain category; i.e. different kinds of blood cells but not nervous cells. |
| oligopotent cells | stem cells that can only become a few different types of cells. |
| unipotent cells | adult stem cells that only become the same type of cell. |
| differentiation | stem cells becoming specialized into different, specific cells. |
| epithelial tissue | category of tissue found in covering and linings of the body. |
| nervous tissue | category of tissue that can transmit electrical signals |
| connective tissue | category of tissue that functions in binding and support; most abundant and diverse category of tissue. |
| muscle tissue | category of body tissue that contracts making body parts move. |
| Function of simple epithelial tissue | absorption, secretion, filtration...moving things in and out of tissues easily. |
| function of stratified epithelial tissue | protection from abrasion. |
| Tissue repair steps | 1. capillaries become leaky 2. clotting proteins construct clots to stop bleeding 3. scab forms 4. epithelial regenerates replacing the lost tissue. |
| ATP | main energy ingredient for cells |
| cellular respiration | 3 stage process of making ATP |
| glycolysis | first step of cellular respiration when glucose is made into pyruvate; occurs in cytoplasm; anaerobic |
| kreb's cycle | second step of cellular respiration; NADH, ATP, FADH2 and CO2 are made. |
| ETC/Oxidative phosphorylation | third step of cellular respiration where NADH and FADH2 are used to make a lot of ATP. |
Created by:
ServAP
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