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Geology 100
questions for final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how does temp vary across solar system? | temp are warmer if they are closer to the sun. this is due to the sun's solar winds |
| how does planet size and density change with distance from the sun? | inner planets are smaller than outer planets dur to the solar winds puching material and debris further into the solar system. material clumps together |
| what is uniformitartiantism? | term by scottish naturalist: Hutton. Physical process that is observed today is responsible for formation of ancient geologic features |
| Hutton | the father of geology. |
| What is catastrophism? | earth is created trhough catastrophic event. Cuvier 1830 |
| scientific theory | scientific ideas supported by evidence |
| what does the hypometric curve tell us about earth? | a graph that plots the surface elevation on the vertical axis and the percentage of the earth's surface on the horizontal axis |
| how is coninental lithosphere different from oceanic? | ocean floor is deeper due to its lithosphere being thinner; it is also denser than continental |
| what does the lithosphere float on? | asthenosphere |
| What are the four elements that compse 90% of the earth> | iron, oxygen, silican,and magnesium |
| What are the composition layers of earth? | the crust, the mantl, the core, the outer core, the inner core |
| compare/contrast lithosphere and asthenosphere | lithosphere- consists of crust and upper mantle. Behaves rigidly and cannot flow. overlies asthenosphereasthenosphere- portion of mantle which rock flow (very slowly) |
| what is isostacy and how does it explain elevated continents and deep oceans? | continental lithosphere sinks deeper into asthenosphere and rides higher than oceanic lithosphere due to its thickness and low density |
| seafloor spreading | robert diaz and harry hess. proposal that as continents drift apart, new ocean floor forms between them |
| subduction | proposal that continents move toward each other when the old acean floor between them sinks back into earth's interior |
| continental drift | Alfred wagner. idea that continents have moved and are still moving slowly across the earth's surface |
| divergent plate boundry | oceanic plates move apart by sea-floor spreading. New lithosphere forms along divergent boundry (mid-ocean rigde rises). Has volcanoes. New ocean crust moves away from ridge axis |
| convergent plate boundry | plates move toward each other. subduction consumes old occean lithosphere. trenches (one plate sinks beneath another). earthquakes (wadati-ben). volcanoes develop |
| transform plate boundry | mid ocean ridges present. have earthquakes when plates slide past each other (or ridge segment. has trenches |
| collision zones | collision- when lithosphere moves into subduction zones. when collisions is complete the convergent that once existed between teo collisions is complete, the convergent that once existed between two colliding pieces ceases to exist. mountains |
| subduction zones | continents move toward each other when old ocean floor between them sinks down into earth's interior |
| which type of plate boundry produces an ocean? | oceans are formed in divergent boundries |
| Consider ocean rimmed by subduction zones. what's necessary for the ocean to close? | subduction zone closes in, oceans come and go |
| slab pull | subducting slab pulls lithosphere along. no atlantic subduction |
| ridge push | sloped density contrast is unstable. horizontal force flatten this slope to stable configuration |
| asthenosphere convection | regional flow of asthenosphere shears plate. forces plate along |
Created by:
cruz8
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