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Unit 4- Ecology

7th Grade Unit 4- Ecology- Part 1

TermDefinition
Food Chains A single pathway in which energy and nutrients are passed from one living organism to another. Energy is used up as it moves, and the arrow represents energy being transferred.
Food Webs A network of food chains by which energy and nutrients are passed on from one living organism to another with multiple pathways. The arrows represent energy being transferred, and energy is greatest at the bottom of the food web.
Carnivore Organisms that eat only meat.
Omnivore Organisms that eat both plants and meat.
Producer Organisms that make their own food.
Primary Consumer Organisms that eat producers.
Herbivore Organisms that eat only plants.
Flow of Energy How energy moves through an ecosystem from the Sun to producers, then to consumers.
Terrestrial Ecosystem A group of abiotic and biotic factors that come together to form an ecosystem on land.
Decomposers Organisms that recycle dead organisms into chemical nutrients used in soil, air, and water.
Scavengers Organisms that eat bodies of dead organisms.
Secondary Consumer Organisms that eat primary consumers.
Tertiary Consumer Organisms that eat secondary consumers.
Marine Ecosystem A group of abiotic and biotic factors that come together to form an ecosystem in saltwater.
Freshwater Ecosystem A group of abiotic and biotic factors that come together to form an ecosystem in freshwater.
Photosynthesis The process where green plants absorb energy from the Sun and combine it with water and carbon dioxide to create glucose and oxygen.
Consumers Organisms that get energy from eating other organisms.
Quaternary Consumers Carnivorous organisms that may eat primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers. Also known as an Apex Predator, which is not naturally hunted by anything else in that ecosystem.
Heterotrophs Organisms that cannot make their own food and must eat plants or animals.
Autotroph Organisms that make their own food.
Conservation of Energy Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it just transforms from one form to another.
Biodiversity The variety of life across all levels of ecological organization.
Genetic Biodiversity Variation in genes that exists within a species.
Species Biodiversity The number of species and abundance of each species in a particular location.
Ecological Biodiversity The variety of ways that species interact with each other and their environment.
Ecosystem A community of living things and their environment working together.
Sustainability The ability of an ecosystem to remain stable in both normal and extreme conditions.
Pollution The introduction of harmful substances into the environment.
Habitat The natural home or environment of an organism.
Population A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area.
Community An interacting group of various species in a common location.
Predator An animal that hunts and eats other animals.
Prey An animal that is hunted and eaten by a predator.
Host An animal or plant on or in which a parasite lives.
Parasite An organism that lives in or on another organism and benefits while harming the host.
Ecology The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment.
Energy Pyramid A model that shows the flow of energy from one trophic (feeding) level to the next in an ecosystem.
Mutualism A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit.
Biotic Living factors in an ecosystem.
Abiotic Non-living factors in an ecosystem, like rocks, water, and sunlight.
Aquatic Related to water; something that lives or happens in water.
Biome A large area with a certain climate, plants, and animals, like a desert or rainforest.
Climate The usual weather in a place over a long time.
Commensalism A relationship where one organism benefits, and the other is not affected.
Competition When living things fight over the same resource, like food, water, or space.
Cycling of Matter The movement of materials like water, carbon, and oxygen through nature.
Desert A dry place with very little rain and few plants.
Disease A sickness that affects living things.
Energy What living things need to grow, move, and survive; comes from the Sun or food.
Environments The surroundings where living things exist, including land, water, air, and climate.
Estuaries Places where rivers meet the ocean, mixing freshwater with saltwater.
Freshwater Water that is not salty, like lakes, rivers, and ponds.
Grassland A biome mostly covered in grass, with few trees, like prairies or savannas.
Interdependence When living things rely on each other to survive.
Marine Related to the ocean or sea.
Matter Anything that takes up space and has weight, like air, water, and rocks.
Parasitism A relationship where one organism benefits while the other is harmed.
Populations A group of the same type of living things living in one area.
Resource Availability How much food, water, or shelter is available for living things.
Savanna A warm, grassy biome with a few trees, found in Africa, South America, and Australia.
Taiga A cold, forested biome with lots of evergreen trees, found in the north.
Temperate Forest A forest with trees that lose their leaves in the fall, found in places with seasons.
Terrestrial Related to land, not water.
Tropical Rainforest A warm, wet biome with lots of tall trees, found near the equator.
Tundra A cold, treeless biome with frozen ground, found near the Arctic.
Created by: PGM 7 SCI
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