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Bio Chapter 3
Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the golgi apparatus? | A system of flat, stacked membrane-bounded sacs that packages cell products for export |
| What are vesicles? | Transports materials that an organism needs to survive and recycles waste materials |
| What is the nucleus? | Membrane bound sac that contains DNA in a eukaryotic cell |
| What is the nucleolus? | A structure within the nucleus where components of ribosomes are assembled |
| What are lysosomes? | Function as the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself. |
| What are chromatin? | The main function is to package DNA into a unit capable of fitting within the tight space of a nucleus. |
| What are centrioles? | are paired barrel-shaped organelles located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope play a role in organizing microtubules that serve as the cell's skeletal system. |
| What is the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum? | Portion of the ER that produces lipids and detoxifies poisons |
| What is the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum? | Portion of the ER that is ribosome studded; secreted proteins are synthesized |
| What are Ribosomes? | |
| What is Cytoplasm? | is the gel-like fluid inside the cell. All of the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out |
| What is the Plasma Membrane? | Provides protection for the cell Transports nutrients into the cell and also to transport toxic substances out of the cell |
| What is the mitochondria? | Generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions, "powerhouse of the cell" |
| What is the Cytoskeleton? | Supports and shapes a cell, helps position and transport organelles, provides strength, assists in cell division, and aids cell movement |
| What is the Cell Wall? | In a plant cell, it separates the interior contents of the cell from the exterior environment. It also provides shape, support, and protection to the cell and its organelles |
| What is the Plasmodesmata? | In plant cells, facilitates the movement of molecules between cells "transports nutrients" |
| What are Chloroplasts? | In plant cells, produces energy through photosynthesis and oxygen-release processes, which sustain plant growth and crop yield |
| What is the Central Vacuole? | In animal cells, vacuoles are generally small and help sequester waste products. In plant cells, vacuoles help maintain water balance. |
| The idea that all living matter consists of cells, cells are the structural and functional units of life, and all cells come from preexisting cells | Cell Theory |
| Sends beams of electrons through a thin slice of a specimen, using a magnetic field to focus on a beam | Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) |
| Scans a beam of electrons over the surface of a metal coated, 3D specimen. | Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) |
| The cell membrane is composed of __________, which are organic molecules that resemble triglycerides | Phospholipids |
| What are Phospholipids? | Molecule consisting of glycerol attached to two hydrophobic fatty acids and a hydrophilic phosphate group |
| Two-dimensional structure of movable phospholipids and proteins that form biological membranes | Fluid mosaic |
| Steroid molecules maintain the membrane's ______ as the temperature fluctuates | Fluidity |
| In phospholids, one tail is ______ and another is _______ | Saturated, Unsaturated |
| Double layer of phospholipids that forms in water, forms the majority of a cell's membranes | Phospholipid bilayer |
| The two membranes bounding a cell's nucleus | Nuclear envelope |
| What composes of cytosol? | Ions, enzymes, RNA, and other dissolved substances |
| A hole in the nuclear envelope, considered as a highly specialized channel composed of dozens of proteins | Nuclear pores |
| Eukaryotic organelles that exchange materials in transport vesicles | Endomembrane System |
| What are peroxisomes? | are organelles that sequester diverse oxidative reactions and play important roles in metabolism, reactive oxygen species detoxification, and signaling |
| Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane, along which many of the cellular respiration occur. | Cristae |
| Are double-membrane organelles which are found in the cells of plants and algae. These often contain pigments that are used in photosynthesis and different types of pigments that can change the colour of the cell. | Plastids |
| What are the three "tubules" of the cytoskeleton? | Microfilament, Intermediate filament, Microtubule |
| What part of the cell organizes microtubules? | Centrosomes |
| Is a membrane-bound organelle found on most types of eukaryotic cell; function is to move water relative to the cell in a regular movement | Cilia |
| Connection between two adjacent animal cells that prevent fluid from plowing past the cells. | Tight junction |
| Connection between two adjacent animal cells that anchors immediate filaments in a single spot on the cell membrane | Anchoring (adhering) junction |
| Connection between two adjacent animal cells that allows cytoplasm to flow between them | Gap Junction |
| It provides the plant with strength, helps the plant to grow upright, and is also important in the cell division of plants. | Cellulose |
| The surface area of a cell must be ____ relative to its volume | Larger |
| The lysosome contains which type of enzymes? | Enzymes that break down large molecules into smaller molecules |
| What cells will be expected to contain the greatest number of lysosomes? | White blood cells |
| What structures are found in living cells? | DNA, RNA, Proteins, Ribosomes, Cell Membrane |
| Consider your knowledge about the cell membrane and check all of the true statements below. | 1. Phospholipids can self-assemble into a sphere without the help of proteins. 2. Phospholipid bilayers surround all eukaryotic cells. 3. Steroids in cell membranes allow the membrane to be more fluid. |
| Select all of the following that are true of the middle, lipid portion of the phospholipid bilayer. | 1. Allows lipids and small, nonpolar molecules through 2. Is composed of nonpolar fatty acid chains 3. proteins that span this section may provide channels for hydrophilic substances |
| Peroxisomes are found in both plant and animal cells? (true or false) | True |
| What is one way that bacterial and archaeal cells differ from each other? | Their cell membranes are made of different kinds of molecules. |
Created by:
Sydboyer15
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