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Bio Chapter 1
The Scientific Study of Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions that arise from physical and chemical interactions among a system's components, something not evident from the parts themselves | Emergent Properties |
| Make their own food by extracting energy and nutrients from nonliving sources | Primary Producers (autotrophs) |
| Obtain energy and nutrients by eating other organisms; living or dead | Consumers (heterotrophs) |
| What is a example of a consumer? | Lion, cat, human |
| What is an example of a producer? | grass, trees, moss |
| Heterotrophs that absorb energy and nutrients from the waste or dead organisms; recycle nutrients to the nonliving environment | Decomposers |
| The state of internal consistency | Homeostasis |
| What is an example of maintaining homeostasis? | |
| An inherited characteristic or behavior that enables an organism to survive and reproduce successfully in its environment | Adaptation |
| What are the 5 characteristics of life? | 1. Cells 2. Obtain and Use Energy 3. Reproduction 4. Respond to the Environment 5. Adapt/Evolve |
| Rank the least inclusive to the largest: | Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system, Organism |
| A population consist of organisms of different species residing in a particular area (true or false) | False |
| Particle of matter; composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons | Atom |
| Two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds | Molecule |
| Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell | Organelle |
| A collection of tissues that structually form a functional unit to perform a specific function | Organ |
| A group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit | Tissue |
| Smallest unit of life that can function independently | Cell |
| Consists of a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions | Organ System |
| A single living individual | Organism |
| Organisms of a species living together in a group at a particular place | Population |
| Populations of two or more species occupying the same geographical area at the same time | Community |
| Consists of all the organisms and the (nonliving) physical environment with which they interact | Ecosystem |
| The worldwide sum of all ecosystems "the zone of life" on Earth | Biosphere |
| The enhanced reproductive success of certain individuals in a population based on inherited characteristics | Natural Selection |
| The science of naming and classifying organisms | Taxonomy |
| A distinctive type of organism | Species |
| Taxonomic category that groups closely related species | Genus |
| The Genus and the _______ descriptor denote the unique, two word scientific name of each species | Specific |
| All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism | Metabolism |
| Common ancestor, first domain to appear Prokaryotic cells, lack nuclei, most are unicellular Most abundant and diverse organisms | Bacteria |
| Are prokaryotic cells, typically characterized by membrane lipids that are branched hydrocarbon chains attached to glycerol by ether linkages. Most closely related to humans outside of domain Lacks nuclei, most are unicellular | Archaea |
| Can be unicellular or multicellular have membrane-bound organelles and are represented by five kingdoms: Plantae, Protozoa, Animalia, Chromista, and Fungi. | Eukarya |
| What is the ranking (most inclusive to least inclusive) for taxonomic groups? | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
| What are the 3 domains? | Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya |
| Is a historically a biological kingdom that is made up of prokaryotes. As such, it is composed of single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus. | Kingdom Monera |
| Represent an extremely large genetic and ecological diversity in all environments, including extreme habitats. "none of the above" category for species of eukaryotes that are not plants, fungi, or animals | Kingdom Protista |
| Multicellular, autotrophs | Kingdom Plantae |
| Most are multicellular, heterotrophs by external digestion | Kingdom Fungi |
| Multicellular, heterotrophs by ingestion | Kingdom Animalia |
| Broadest (most inclusive) taxonomic category | Domain |
| Taxonomic category below domain | Kingdom |
| Untreated group used as a basis for comparison with a treated group in a experiment | Control |
| Variables that stay the same throughout the experiment | Standardized variable |
| Prokaryote | Organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
| Eukaryote | Organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus. |
| Both domain archea and domain eukarya contain organism having cells with nuclei. (true or false) | False |
| Both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes have: | DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell membrane |
| The part of the prokaryotic cell where the DNA is located | Nucleoid |
| Bacterial nucleoid is not bound by a _________. | Membrane |
| A long, whip-like appendage that a cell uses for motility | Flagella |
Created by:
Sydboyer15
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