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Chapter 1 (Micro 24)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| pathogen | microbes that do harm |
| microorganisms provide ____ for our ecosystem producers | oxygen |
| microorganisms are used to make ______ | food (bread, cheese, and wine) |
| microorganisms are used in ________ | medicines (antibiotics, vitamins, drugs, and enzymes) |
| parasites | live on or in the body of another organism called the host and it damages the host |
| parasites cause harm to the host so they are... | pathogens |
| Hippocrates | thought natural causes were the reason for disease, not supernatural causes |
| Thucydides | noted plague survivors were immune to the plague |
| Marcus Varro | things in the air and water that cannot be seen enter the body and cause disease |
| Antonie van Leeuwenhoek | used hand-held microscope to view first microorganism, called them "animalcules" |
| Louis Pasteur | demonstrated fermentation, invented pasteurization developed vaccines; rabies linked fermentation and food spoilage to microbes |
| Robert Koch | determined causative agent of... anthrax = Bacillus anthracis cholera = Vibrio cholera tuberculosis = Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| germ theory of disease | "One microbe, one disease" |
| Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes | observed mothers of home births had fewer infections than those who gave birth in hospitals |
| Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis | correlated infections with physicians coming directly from the autopsy room to the maternity ward |
| Joseph Lister | introduced aseptic techniques to reduce microbes in medical settings and prevent wound infections disinfection of hands using phenol prior to surgery and use of heat for sterilization |
| taxonomy | a formal system of organizing, classifying, and naming living things (Carolus Linneaus) |
| classification | orderly arrangement of organisms into groups (8 descending ranks called taxa) |
| nomenclature | assigning names |
| Carolus Linnaeus | developed binomial system of genus, species (three kingdoms: animal, plant, mineral) |
| Ernst Haeckel | 4 kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Protista, and Monera |
| Robert Whittaker | 5 kingdoms: Monera, ((Fungi)), Protista, Animalia, and Plantae |
| Carl Woese and George Fox | new studies small subunit of rRNA, 3 domains: Bacteria. Archaea, and Eukarya |
| prokaryotic | lack a nucleus |
| eukaryotic | have a nucleus |
| domain Bacteria (was kingdom Monera),unicellular prokaryotic with smaller rRNA | unicellular prokaryotic with smaller rRNA true bacteria = human pathogens have peptidoglycan in cell walls |
| domain Archaea | unicellular prokaryotic with more eukaryotic-like rRNA do not have peptidoglycan in cell walls live in extreme environments, high salts, heat |
| domain Eukarya | unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic (many kingdoms; protista, fungi, plantae. animalia) |
| genus | written first, capitalized |
| species | written second, lowercase |
| Bergey's Manual | "Microbiology Bible" or "Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology"; for identifying and classifying different prokaryotes |
| living organisms | bacteria, algae, protozoa, fungi, helminths |
| acellular | viruses, viroids, and prions |
| bacteria | unicellular prokaryotic organisms found everywhere pathogen - can cause disease normal flora - microbes in human body that do not cause disease |
| archaea | unicellular prokaryotic in extreme environments |
| protists | unicellular eukaryotes algae - plant-like, that photosynthesize protozoa - animal-like, that do not photosynthesize |
| fungi | unicellular and multicellular fungi yeast - unicellular mushrooms and molds - multicellular |
| helminths | multicellular parasitic worms, eggs are microscopic |
| viruses | acellular composed of proteins and nucleic acid |
| viroids | acellular infectious RNA of plants |
| prions | acellular infectious proteins |
| bacteriology | study of bacteria |
| mycology | study of fungi |
| protozoology | study of protozoa/some parasites |
| phycology/algology | study of algae |
| parasitology | study of helminths and other parasites |
| virology | study of viruses |
Created by:
jenniejenjen
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