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Science Quarterly 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hypothesis | in science, an idea that can be tested by experimentation or investigation |
| mid-ocean ridge | an undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary under the ocean |
| sea-floor spreading | process by which molten materials adds new ocean crust to the ocean floor |
| subduction | process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary |
| ocean trench | an undersea valley that represents one of the deepest parts of the ocean |
| divergent boundary | a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other |
| convergent boundary | a plate boundary where two plates move towards each other |
| transform boundary | a plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposition directions |
| theory | in science, ideas that are supported by a vast, diverse array of evidence |
| stress | a force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume |
| tension | stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle |
| compression | stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks |
| shearing | stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement |
| fault | a break in Earth's crust along which rocks move |
| earthquake | the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface |
| magnitude | the measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults |
| tsunami | a giant wave usually caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor |
| scale | the ratio between the size of something and a representation of it; can be used for units of time or distance |
| volcano | a weak spot in the crust where magma has come to the surface |
| magma | a molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle |
| lava | liquid magma that reaches the surface |
| hot spot | an area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it |
| extinct | term used to describe a volcano that is no longer active and unlikely to erupt again |
| dormant | term used to describe a volcano that is not currently active but able to become active in the future |
| active | full of activity or engaged in continuous activity |
| composite | something made of a mixture of different parts or elements |
| igneous rock | forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface. |
| sedimentary rock | forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. |
| sediment | small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or the remains of organisms; earth materials deposited by erosion |
| metamorphic rock | forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. |
| rock cycle | a series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly changes rocks from one kind to another. |
| source | where something originates or comes from. |
| process | a series of actions or operations leading toward a particular result. |
| apply | to lay or spread on, to put into operation or effect |
| seismic wave | vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake. |
| crust | the layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface. |
| mantle | the layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core. |
| outer core | a layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth. |
| inner core | a dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth. |
| evidence | support or proof of something; can be direct or indirect. |
| elements | the smallest or most basic parts of something. |
| mineral | a naturally occurring solid that can form by inorganic processes and that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. |
| crystal | a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats again and again. |
| crystallization | the process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure. |
| organic | refers to a material that is living or comes from living things. |
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30vanwinckela
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