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3.4 Vocabulary

Vocabulary 3.4

TermDefinition
rotation The SPINNING motion of a planet on its axis; The spinning of Earth on its axis causes day and night (24 hrs for a complete rotation).
revolution When an object moves AROUND another object in space.
orbit The PATH an object takes as it moves around another object.
axis An imaginary line through the center of Earth that connects the North Pole to the South Pole.
day The time it takes a planet to complete ONE FULL ROTATION (Earth's is 24 hours).
equinox Equal hours of day and night in March and September; Each of the two times of the year when days and nights are of equal length.
year The time it takes a planet to complete ONE FULL REVOLUTION around the sun (Earth's is 365.25 days).
Reason for the Seasons Earth's axis is tilted as it revolves around the sun causing the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere to receive sunlight at different angels throughout the year.
Summer For us, it is when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted TOWARD the sun causing it to receive Direct Sunlight. Daylight hours are longer than night at this time.
Winter For us, it is when the Northern Hemisphere is tilted AWAY from the SUN causing it to receive sunlight at an angle (spread out). Shorter days and longer nights at this time.
What causes Day and Night? Earth's rotation
New moon Moon phase that occurs when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun, at which point the Moon cannot be seen because its lighted half is facing the Sun and its dark side faces Earth.
Full moon The phase of the moon in which we see the entire moon lighted, and it appears bright and round.
First quarter moon The moon is a quarter of the way around the Earth. You can see the right half of the moon.
Third quarter moon The phase of the moon when it is three-quarters of the way through its orbit, and we see half of the moon lighted on the left.
Crescent Moon The phase of the moon in which only a curved edge of the moon's side that faced earth is illuminated, lasts about 6 days, can be a small sliver or almost a quarter moon.
Gibbous Moon When the size of the illuminated portion of the moon is greater than half but not a full moon, lasts about 6 days can be almost all white or just a little more than 1/2 white.
Waxing moon When the Moon appears to get bigger.
Waning moon When the Moon appears to get smaller.
23.5 degrees The tilt of earth's axis.
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