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Module 9A/B- Viruses
First half and second half module 9 - Prokaryotes and Viruses
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Taxonomy | the science dealing with the description, identification, naming, and classifying of organisms |
| Binomial Nomenclature | naming an organism with its genus and species name |
| Antibiotic | a chemical secreted by a living organism that kills or reduces the reproduction rate of other organisms |
| Archaea | domain comprises prokaryotic organisms that live in extreme environments |
| Bacteria | domain comprises prokaryotic organisms that do not live in extreme environments. |
| Eukarya | any organism with eukaryotic cells |
| Pathogen | an organism that causes disease |
| Species | a set of organisms that can interbreed |
| Plasmids | smaller circular DNA molecules in bacterium |
| Saprophyte | an organism that feeds on dead matter |
| Endospore | a thick internal wall (made of several hard layers), produced by the bacterium, that encloses its DNA and other essential parts |
| Conjugation | a temporary union two organisms for the purpose of DNA transfer |
| Transformation | the transfer of a DNA segment from a nonfunctional donor cell to that of a functional recipient cell |
| Transduction | the process in which infection by a virus results in DNA being transferred from one bacterium to another |
| Virus | a noncellular infectious agent that has two characteristics: (1) it has genetic material (DNA or RNA) inside a protective protein coat. (2) it cannot reproduce on its own; it must infect living cell. |
| Lytic cycle | a virus enters a cell, hijacks the host cell's DNA replication system, makes copies of itself, and causes the cell to burst, releasing more viruses |
| Lysogenic cycle | a virus enters a cell, m embeds its DNA into the DNA of a host cell, and is replicated along with the host cell's DNA |
| Vaccine | a weakened or inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body's production of antibodies that aid in destroying the pathogen |
| Autotroph | organisms that are able to make their own food |
| Heterotroph | organisms that depend on other organisms for their food |
| Cyanobacteria | photoautotroph; do not have chloroplasts ike plant cells, do, but they contain a bluish pigment and chlorophyll which allows them to be photosynthetic |
| Photoautotrophs | photosynthetic bacteria that makes its own food |
| Chemosynthesis | when autotrophic bacteria convert energy from inorganic molecules instead of sunlight |
| Chemoautotrophs | organisms that use chemical reactions to release energy, which then use that energy and other chemicals to make food |
| Obligate aerobes | bacteria which require a constant supply of oxygen for cellular respiration to take place |
| Obligate anaerobes | bacteria which cannot live in the presence of oxygen |
| Facultative anaerobes | bacteria who do not require oxygen, but they're not poisoned by it, either. when oxygen is present, they convert energy using cellular respiration, when oxygen is absent, they switch to fermentation. |
| Carrying capacity | represents the largest number of individuals of a species that an ecosystem can support |
| Exotoxin | bacterial poisonous protein produced as part of bacterial growth and metabolism. Secreted by bacterium and causes damage to the cell and tissues the bacterium has invaded. |
| Endotoxin | poisonous lipid found in the bacterium's cell wall |
| Phagocytic cells | a cell that engulfs large, solid particles, pathogens, or cells. Ex: white blood cells |
Created by:
MelRodriguez
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