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Chapter 13-DNA

QuestionAnswer
trisomy The presence of an extra chromosome; organisms possessing this mutation often do survive into maturity.
translation The process in which the order of the bases in mRNA codes for the order of amino acids in a protein.
messenger RNA Carries protein synthesis information from DNA to the ribosomes.
replication The process in which the two stands of the double helix separate and bases pair with free nucleotides to form two molecules of DNA, each identical to the original molecule.
nitrogen base A component of DNA or RNA along with a sugar and a phosphate group; can be adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, or uracil.
mutation A random error or change in the DNA sequence that may affect whole chromosomes or just one gene.
ribosomal RNA The nucleic acid that acts as an enzyme, sticking amino acids together.
double helix In DNA, the two twisted, ladder-shaped nucleotide strands held together by hydrogen bonds between the bases.
codon In the genetic code, the set of three nitrogen bases representing a specific amino acid.
nondisjunction Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during meiosis, resulting in gametes with too few or too many chromosomes.
monosomy Absence of a chromosome; most organisms with this mutation do not survive.
transfer RNA Delivers amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
point mutation A mistake in DNA where only one base is changed. ex.sickle cell anemia.
chromosomal mutation When very large segments of DNA are swapped, inverted, lost or gained causing a severe genetic problem
frameshift mutation a deletion or addition of nitrogenous bases causing translation to shift down or back.
transcription The process where mRNA takes the code to the ribosomes.
Created by: jensenc
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