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Evolution
Biology Evolution Unir
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who is Charles Darwin? | Darwin is credited for the theory of natural selection; created after his years spent sailing on the HMS Beagle, including time spent on the Galapagos Islands |
| Population | consists of organisms of the same species that live in the same area |
| Natural Selection | individuals that have traits better suited for their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce; this results in changes in the traits of living things over time |
| Fitness | an organisms relative ability to survive and produce fertile offspring |
| Overproduction | every population is capable of producing more offspring than can possibly survive; fish lay thousands of eggs because only a fraction make it to adulthood |
| Variation | exists within every population; color, size, abilities; caused by differences in alleles (inherited traits) |
| Selection | In a given environment, having a particular trait can make individuals more or less likely to survive and have successful offspring; because of this, some individuals produce more offspring than others or survive longer |
| Adaptation | an inherited trait that is present in a population because the trait helps individuals survive and reproduce in a given environment; over time, those traits will become more common; some birds adapt to live in water and can develop webbing |
| Evolution | a change in gene frequencies in a population over time |
| Gene | inherited traits |
| Macroevolution | large phenotypic (structural) changes in organisms; would require large amounts of genes to randomly assort, in more than one offspring at once at the same time |
| Microevolution | the occurrence of small inherited changes in a population; involves recombination or lose of existing genes; never creates totally new genes from scratch; makes variations within already existing kinds of organisms, not completely new kinds |
| The forces of Microevolution | the factors that cause allele (inherited trait) frequencies to change |
| Natural Selection | can cause an increase or decrease of certain genes in a population |
| Migration (gene flow) | the movement of individuals into, out of, or between populations; can change numbers and types of genes in a population |
| Sexual Selection | if parents are paired up randomly in a population, a random assortment of traits will be pass onto the next generation; if parents are limited or selective in their choice of mates, only certain traits will be passed on |
| Mutation | mutations can change the numbers and types of genes from one generation to the next; these types of changes are rare; mutations don't add genes, they only change them |
| Genetic Drift | Random effects of everyday life can cause differences in the survival and reproduction of individuals; some genes may become more or less common in a population, especially those that are samll |
Created by:
eliott
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