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Macromolecules

TermDefinition
Organic compounds that contain the element carbon.
Monomer a single building block molecule.
Polymer a large molecule made up of smaller molecules called monomers.
Carbohydrate a compound that is made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. These molecules provide short-term energy to organisms.
Lipid a compound made up mostly of carbon and hydrogen with a small amount of oxygen. These molecules store long-term energy and are made of glycerol and fatty acids.
Protein a large molecule made up of amino acids. Amino acids are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
Nucleic acid a large molecule made up of nucleotides. These molecules store and transmit genetic information.
Hydrogen bond a weak interaction involving a hydrogen atom and a fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen atom from a different molecule.
Glucose a monosaccharide sugar that serves as a building block for all carbohydrates.
Amino acids the monomer building blocks of proteins.
Nucleotides the monomer building blocks of nucleic acids.
Enzyme proteins that serve as biological catalysts. They speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.
Activation energy the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction.
Catalyst a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction.
Active site the specific place where a substrate binds.
Reactant the molecules that are used in a chemical reaction.
Substrates the reactants that bind to enzymes.
pH refers to the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. Numbers below 7 are acids and numbers above 7 are bases. If a substance has a pH of 7, it is considered neutral.
Buffer mixtures that react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range.
Macromolecules large molecules that are formed by joining smaller organic molecules together.
Starch a polysaccharide carbohydrate that provides short-term energy storage. It is found stored in plants.
Glycogen an energy storage polysaccharide that is found in the liver and skeletal muscle.
Cellulose a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls that provides structural support. It is made of chains of glucose linked together.
Chitin a structural polysaccharide that is the main component in hard shells of shrimp, lobsters, and some insects, as well as the cell walls of some fungi.
DNA a double-stranded molecule that contains the genetic information of an organism. It contains deoxyribose sugar.
RNA a single-stranded molecule that contains the genetic instructions of an organism. It contains ribose sugar.
Hemoglobin a protein found in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen to all the tissues in the body.
Insulin a hormonal protein that regulates blood glucose levels.
Antibody a protein that is produced by the immune system that helps defend the body by fighting against harmful bacteria and viruses.
Phospholipid a key component of cell membranes that regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
Created by: user-1733795
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