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Hannah's Stack
Apologia Biology Module 8
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| True breeding | If an organism has a certain characteristic or trait that is always passed on to its offspring, we say that organism has "bred true" with respect to that characteristic. |
| Allele | One of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes. |
| Genotype | Two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait. |
| Phenotype | The observable expression of an organism's genes. |
| Homozygous genotype | A genotype in which both alleles are identical. |
| Heterozygous genotype | A genotype with two different alleles. |
| Dominant allele | An allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype. |
| Recessive allele | An allele that will not determine phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele. |
| What is Mendel's first principle? (The Restatement of the principle) | The traits of an organism are determined by its genes. |
| What is Mendel's second principle? (The Restatement of the principle) | Each organism has two alleles that make up the genotype for a given trait. |
| What is Mendel's third principle? (The Restatement of the principle) | In sexual reproduction, each organism contributes only ONE of its alleles to its offspring. |
| What is Mendel's fourth principle? (The Restatement of the principle) | In each genotype there is a dominant allele. If it exists in an organism, the phenotype is determined by that allele. |
| Pedigree | A diagram that follows a particular phenotype through several generations. |
| Monohybrid cross | A cross between two individuals, concentrating on one definable trait. |
| Dihybrid cross | A cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits. |
| Autosomes | Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual. |
| Sex chromosomes | Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual. |
| Antigen | A protein that, once introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an antibody. |
| Autosomal inheritance | Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome. |
| Genetic disease carrier | A person who is heterozygous in a recessive genetic order. |
| Sex-linked inheritance | Inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosomes. |
| Mutation | A radical chemical change in one or more alleles. |
| Change in chromosome number | A situation in which abnormal cellular events in meiosis that lead to either none of a particular chromosome in the gamete, or more than one chromosome in the gamete. |
| Change in chromosome structure | A situation in which a chromosome loses or gains genes during meiosis. |
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