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Ch. 6 Flashcards
Flashcards for reviewing Ch. 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the kingdom whose members were first found in extreme environments | Archaea |
| Are bacteria generally more helpful or harmful to people? | helpful |
| rod-shaped bacteria | bacillus |
| they are more helpful than harmful | bacteria |
| proper conditions for bacterial growth | availability of moisture, oxygen, warm temps. and ability to get rid of wastes, certain pH range, overcrowding |
| How do bacteria reproduce? | binary fission, asexually |
| three bacterial shapes | spherical, rod-shaped and spiral |
| sphere shape bacteria | coccus |
| the process in which plasmids are exchanged between bacteria | conjugation |
| fungi and bacteria are important in the natural environment because they do this. | decompose wastes |
| long whiplike, hairlike structure that propels certain bacteria in movement | flagella |
| Give examples of virus caused diseases. | flu, chicken pox, warts, AIDS, rabies, cold sores, mumps, measles, hepatitis, polio |
| no prokaryote has this organelle | nucleus |
| a unicellular organism that DOES NOT HAVE a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles | prokaryote |
| Disease causing agent that does not reproduce on its own. The cell which it infects reproduces it. | virus |
| spiral-shaped bacteria | spirillum |
| prefix for clumps or clusters of bacteria | staph- |
| bacteria arranged end to end in long chains | strep- |
| nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat | virus |
| What are 5 foods produced with bacterial help? | yogurt, cheese, dill pickles, sauerkraut, green olives |
| What sicknesses are caused by bacteria? | strep throat, food poisoning, leprosy, whooping cough (pertussis) |
| Which are smaller, bacteria or viruses? | viruses |
| type of asexual reproduction, binary _____ | FISSION |
| What makes Archaea different from Bacteria? | 1. Cell walls lack a compound 2. DNA more similar to eukaryotes. 3. Sometimes found in extreme environments |
| The gummy boundary some bacteria have outside their cell walls for protection. | capsule |
| Organisms that contain a single circular chromosome. | bacteria |
| injection of a harmless form of a virus to stimulate the body to form antibodies | vaccination |
| Smaller circular strands of DNA in addition to the main chromosome of a bacterium | Plasmids |
| Substance contained in the cell walls of bacteria that makes them different from Archaea and other organisms with cell walls | peptidoglycan |
| What the first discovered Archaeans were called since they were found in harsh environments | extremophiles |
| The DNA and other essential parts of a bacterium within a protective covering that allows the bacterium to survive unfavorable conditions. | endospore |
| 5 beneficial roles of bacteria | Keep less friendly bacteria away, fix nitrogen for use by plants, digest cellulose for ruminants, decompose dead stuff and wastes, used to producing or processing certain foods |
| process through which some bacteria become resistant to antibiotics | conjugation |
| conditions that would slow the growth of bacteria | high or low temps, dryness, high or low pH, overcrowding, buildup of waste materials, lack of oxygen |
| type of virus that remains inactive for a period of time before becoming active | latent |
| How are viruses reproduced? | Infected cells reproduce them |
| The two substances that make up a virus | nucleic acid and protein |
| The protein coat of a virus | capsid |
| How to newly made viruses spread to infect other cells? | The burst or destroy the cell that made them. |
| Why do many scientists not consider viruses as living organisms? | They have not cytosol, organelles or cell membrane and no ability to reproduce on their own. |
| Some scientists are investigating what possible means of replacing defective genes? | using viruses to insert correct DNA |
| Three means of fighting viral infections | Good hygiene, healthy living habits, vaccination |
| What are two examples of good hygiene that help prevent the spread of viruses? | Washing hands often and thoroughly, covering the mouth when sneezing or coughing |
| What are two examples of healthy living that help prevent getting sick from a virus? | Eating a balanced diet, exercising regularly |
| What does a virus use to control the cell it infects? | Its nucleic acid that it injects into the cell |
| What makes Archaea and Bacteria different from the other kingdoms? | prokaryotic; lack a nucleus |
Created by:
Mr.JFoster
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