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Micro 1-15
To prepare for final exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The binomial system of nomenclature was originally developed by | Linnaeus |
| Low-power microscopes designed for observing fairly large objects such as insects or worms are | Stereo microscopes |
| Fossils of prokaryotes go back ... billion years. | 3.5 to 4.0 |
| The tool of choice to observe living microorganisms is the | Phase-contrast microscope |
| Which of the following organisms is used in the production of cheese? | Propionibacterium shermanii |
| The atomic weight is equal to the sum of | Protons and Neutrons |
| Starch is an example of a | Polysaccharide |
| Particles of an atom located in the outermost shell and available for chemical bonding are called | Valence electrons |
| The bond between sodium and chlorine atoms in sodium chloride is a | Ionic bond |
| The transfer of electrons in a chemical bond represents a(n) | Ionic bond |
| The fluid like portion of a cell is referred to as | Cytosol |
| Which of the following is an active transport mechanism? | Pinocytosis |
| Which of the following transport mechanisms transports water across the plasma membrane? | Osmosis |
| Absorption is the function of which surface appendage? | Microvilli |
| Matrix formed outside the plasma membrane is referred to as | Glycocalyx |
| The structures that can move fluid, mucus, or cells over the surface of a cell are | Cilia |
| Pili are also called | Fimbriae |
| Peptidoglycan is typically found in the | Cell wall |
| Enzymatic reactions can be expressed in which of the following chemical notations? | E+S=P |
| Stroma is a component of | Chloroplasts |
| Microorganisms that show optimal growth in moderate temperatures (between 25° C and 40° C) are called | Mesophiles |
| Methanogens are.... that grow in anaerobic environments such as swamps. | Archaea |
| Staphylococci are... facultative anaerobes. | Gram-positive |
| Bacterial replication is accomplished primarily by | Binary fission |
| Which of the following is a host-dependent bacterium? | Rickettsia |
| Psychrophiles are also referred to as | Cryophiles |
| Microorganisms that grow only in the presence of oxygen are called | Obligate aerobes |
| The correct hierarchical order for virus classification is | Order, Family, Subfamily, Genus, Species |
| A fully assembled virus is called a | Virion |
| Which part(s) of a virus aid in the attachment to the host cell membrane receptors? | Spikes |
| RNA viruses belong to which of the following types according to the Baltimore classification system? | III, IV, V |
| Picornaviridae are ... viruses | RNA |
| The most common viruses causing respiratory illness belong to | Adenoviridae |
| Viruses can infect | All organisms |
| Viral capsomeres are composed of subunits called | Protomeres |
| Which of the following is commonly referred to as a pinworm? | Enterobius vermicularis |
| Which of the following are technically not microorganisms? | Helminths |
| The study of fungi is called | Mycology |
| The unique cell organelle found in the Archaezoa and that appears to be a remnant of mitochondria is called a(n) | Mitosome |
| All of the following are methods for food preservation except | Disinfection |
| The bioassay method for testing the effectiveness of disinfectants and antiseptics on microorganisms is the | Use-dilution test |
| Antimicrobial agents that are specifically designed to be used on living tissues are referred to as | Antiseptics |
| The disinfectant and antiseptic that can be broken down by certain bacteria that produce the enzyme catalase is: | Hydrogen peroxide |
| Chlorine belongs to which of the following chemical groups? | Halogens |
| Which of the following is a general-purpose medium? | Tryptic soy agar |
| Which of the following genera of bacteria need very specialized media for culturing? | Spiroplasma |
| Which of the following microorganisms can be cultured only in the footpads of mice or a species of armadillo? | Mycobacterium leprae |
| Which of the following media is used to isolate Neisseria gonorrhoeae? | Thayer-Martin agar |
| Which of the following media are defined and have an exact chemical composition? | Synthetic media |
| A mercury-containing compound used as a preservative in vaccines is | Thimerosal |
| The branch of pharmacology that addresses drug amounts at various sites in the body after drug administration is called | Pharmacokinetics |
| Drugs needed for diseases with fewer than 200,000 patients, and that fail to receive attention for development because of cost and need, are called | Orphan drugs |
| The most rapid rate of drug absorption is achieved by administration | Intravenous |
| The time response measures all of the following except | ED50 |
| Another term for the effectiveness of a drug is. | Efficacy |
| Which of the following is a synthetic antimicrobial drug? | Quinolone |
| Which of the following is not a common characteristic used in the selection of an antimicrobial drug? | Ability to administer intravenously |
| Resistance to only one type of drug may allow resistance to a similar drug; this process is called | Cross-resistance |
| All of the following are general metabolic or structural targets for antimicrobial drugs except | Lipid synthesis inhibition |
| The mold that produces penicillin is an example of | Amensalism |
| Which type of symbiosis benefits both members? | Mutualism |
| The degree or extent of disease-evoking power that a microorganism has is referred to as | Virulence |
| Infections that may result from the use medical procedures such as the use of catheters, invasive diagnostic procedures, and surgery are referred to as ... infections. | Iatrogenic |
| Which of the following is not considered to be a vehicle transmission? | Insect |
| When an organ or tissue is transplanted between genetically different individuals it is called a(n) | Allograft |
| Which of the following provide defense against viral infections? | Interferons |
| Immunity that is a result of an actual infection is called | Naturally acquired active immunity. |
| ___ occurs when the immune system is unable to distinguish between self- and nonself-antigens and attacks the cells of the body. | Autoimmunity |
| Substances that stimulate the production of antibodies are called. | Immunogens |
| Scalded Skin Syndrome is caused by a toxin producing strain of | Staphylococcus aureus |
| A tinea infection in the groin area is commonly called | Jock itch |
| Variola virus of the orthopoxvirus family causes the acute, highly contagious disease | Smallpox |
| Infections that result in the death of infected tissue are called infections. | Necrotizing |
| The most important fungi that cause diseases of the skin, hair, and nails are called | Dermatophytes |
| "Athlete's foot" is referred to as | Tinea pedis. |
| Subcutaneous mycoses occur predominantly in the | Tropics |
| Herpes simplex infections on lips and in the mouth are most commonly caused by | HSV-1 |
| Diaper rash in infants is commonly caused by | Candida albicans |
| Chickenpox and shingles are caused by the virus | Varicella-zoster |
| The formation of a "fungus ball" within preexisting cavities is a common development in | Pulmonary aspergillosis |
| Legionellosis affects mainly the | Lungs |
| The "strawberry tongue" symptom is often associated with | Scarlet fever |
| The bacterium Mycoplasma pneumonia is unique in that it lacks a | Cell wall |
| COVID-19 is caused by the virus | SARS |
| Hantaviruses, which can cause disease in humans, are carried by | Rodents |
| All of the following are structures of the lower respiratory system except | Pharynx |
| Tuberculosis is transmitted primarily through | Aerosols |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-__ bacterium. | Positive |
| Scarlet fever is caused by | Streptococcus pyogenes |
| The most common nematode infection of humans worldwide is__. | Ascariasis |
| Bacillus intoxication is caused by | Bacillus cereus |
| Microbial life on teeth was first observed by | Van Leeuwenhoek |
| Taeniasis is an infection caused by organisms known as | Tapeworms |
| Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic diarrheal disease caused by Cryptosporidium, which is a... | Protozoan |
| Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium | Salmonella enterica |
| Components of the gastrointestinal tract are | Esophagus, stomach, and pharynx |
| ___ is the largest protozoan parasite of humans. | Balantidium coli |
| "Thrush" is caused by the organism... | Candida yeast |
| ___ are the most common causes of infectious diarrhea in infants and children worldwide. | Rotaviruses |
| Leprosy is caused by the bacterium__. | Mycobacterium leprae |
| American trypanosomiasis is also referred to as | Chagas' disease |
| What is the causative agent for fungal meningitis, mostly in immunocompromised patients? | Cryptococcus neoformans |
| Rabies is caused by which of the following organisms? | Virus |
| The arbovirus that causes West Nile encephalitis is transmitted by | Mosquitoes |
| Cytomegalovirus infections are caused by the human herpesvirus | 5 |
| The bacterium Yersinia pestis is responsible for causing what disease? | Plague |
| "Rabbit fever," a zoonotic disease, is caused by | Francisella tularensis |
| Animals that are capable of transmitting infectious disease are called | Vectors |
| When bacteria are found in the blood, the condition is referred to as | Bacteremia |
| The tissues of the urethra become thinner and more fragile in older women because of a decrease in ..., thus increasing the chance of an opportunistic infection. | estrogen |
| Which of the following has not been shown to be preventive against UTIs in women? | Taking a daily dose of 81 mg of aspirin |
| Ureteric stenosis in kidney transplant patients has been associated with | Polyomaviruses |
| The ... are the central organs of the urinary system and are responsible for filtering wastes from the blood. | Kidneys |
| The organism that is primarily responsible for causing cystitis is | Escherichia coli |
| The normal flora present in the healthy male reproductive system is best characterized as | Sterile, no normal flora |
| Symptoms of prostatitis include | Painful urination, fever and chills, and weak urine flow. |
| Bacteria that have been identified as frequently responsible for nonsexually transmitted infections of the reproductive system include | Escherichia coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Staphylococcus aureus |
| A vaginal yeast infection is typically caused by | Candida albicans |
| One of the defense mechanisms in place in the organs/tissues of the reproductive tract that prevent microbial infection includes | acidic pH |
| Almost half of all the STIs diagnosed in the United States are among | Young adults |
| Infectious mononucleosis most often occurs in | Young adults |
| In humans, the embryonic phase of development extends from fertilization to the end of week ..... after which the developing infant is called a fetus. | 8 |
| Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is most common in | Infants |
| What infections cannot recur during pregnancy? | Streptococcal infections |
| Which of the following is the sixth most abundant element in the universe? | Carbon |
| What zone is present only in oceans? | Abyssal zone |
| Specific small niches in which populations and guilds within a community reside are referred to as | Microhabitats |
| What are free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria? | Azotobacter, Bacillus, and Clostridium |
| Category B agents would include | Vibrio cholerae |
Created by:
BethPromise99
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