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Human Disease
Pathology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Achondroplasia | A type of bone growth disorder. Due to genetic mutations, the cartilage does not convert into a bone during fetal development, resulting in dwarfism. |
| Acne Vulgaris | A condition resulting from clogged or plugged hair follicles present under the skin. It presents as small to large, red bumps on the skin which may be painful and pus-filled in some cases. |
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome | AIDS is a collection of symptoms known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which leads to loss of immune cells and leaves individuals susceptible to other infections and the develop |
| Acute Bronchitis | A condition when the lining of the bronchial tube (the tube that carries air to and from the lungs) is inflamed. This causes cough with mucus, shortness of breath, and mild fever. |
| Acute Rhinitis | Inflammation and irritation of the mucous membrane of the nose. This causes stuffy nose and sneezing. |
| Alopecia | the partial or complete absence of hair from areas of the body where it normally grows; baldness. |
| Alzheimer’s Disease | Alzheimer's is a type of dementia that affects memory, thinking and behavior. Symptoms eventually grow severe enough to interfere with daily tasks. |
| Amenorrhea | s the absence of menstruation, often defined as missing one or more menstrual periods. |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | known as ALS, is a nervous system disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. ALS causes loss of muscle control. The disease gets worse over time. |
| Anaphylaxis | Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction. |
| Andogenital Syndrome | Adrenogenital syndrome is also known as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which results from disorders of steroid hormone production in the adrenal glands leading to a deficiency of cortisol. |
| Anemia | Anemia is a problem of not having enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the body's tissues |
| Anencephaly | a severe congenital condition in which a large part of the skull is absent along with the cerebral hemispheres of the brain |
| Aneurysm | An aneurysm is an abnormal bulge or ballooning in the wall of a blood vessel. An aneurysm can burst. This is called a rupture. |
| Angina Pectoris | angina—is chest pain or discomfort that keeps coming back. |
| Appendicitis | a serious medical condition in which the appendix becomes inflamed and painful. |
| Arbruptio Placentae | Placental abruption is the premature detachment of the placenta from the wall of the uterus at 20 weeks or more of pregnancy. |
| Arrhythmias | Arrhythmia is a medical term for an irregular heartbeat pattern. A person might miss some heartbeats or have more or less than the normal number of heartbeats in this situation. The fact that someone has an arrhythmia does not necessarily point to a heart |
| Asrteriosclerosi | characterized by patchy intimal plaques (atheromas) that encroach on the lumen of medium-sized and large arteries. |
| Arthritis | disorder that affects joints. |
| Asthma | long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs. |
| Astigmatism | type of refractive error due to rotational asymmetry in the eye's refractive power. |
| Atelectasis | partial collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange. It is usually unilateral, affecting part or all of one lung. |
| Atrial Septal Defect | n atrial septal defect (ASD) is a heart condition that you're born with. That means it's a congenital heart defect. |
| Autism | developmental disorder with symptoms that appear within the first three years of life. |
| Bell’s Palsy | a condition that causes sudden weakness in the muscles on one side of the face. |
| Bipolar Disorder | a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). |
| Blepharitis | common disease of the eyelids that can cause painful tenderness and discomfort |
| Buerger’s Disease | a rare disease of the arteries and veins in the arms and legs |
| Bursitis | inflammation of one or more bursae of synovial fluid in the body. |
| Candidiasis | a fungal infection caused by an overgrowth of a type of yeast that lives on your body (Candida albicans |
| Cardiomyopathy | disease of the heart muscle |
| Carditis | inflammation of the heart muscle |
| Carpal Tunnel syndrome | collection of symptoms and signs associated with nerve compression of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel. |
| Cataract | a clouding of the lens of the eye, |
| Cellulitis | bacterial infection involving the inner layers of the skin. It specifically affects the dermis and subcutaneous fat |
| Cerebral Palsy | group of movement disorders that appear in early childhood. |
| Cerebrovascular Accident | (CVA) is an obstruction or bleed from a blood vessel of the brain that causes damage to the brain. |
| Chlamydial Infection | a common sexually transmitted disease. Sexually transmitted diseases are infections spread mainly by contact with genitals or bodily fluids. |
| Cholecystitis | inflammation of the gallbladder. |
| Cholelithiasis | is a stone formed within the gallbladder from precipitated bile components |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. |
| Cirrhosis | severe scarring of the liver |
| Cleft-lip Palate | openings or splits in the upper lip, the roof of the mouth (palate) or both. |
| Colon Polyps | a small clump of cells that forms on the lining of the colon. |
| Concussion | also known as a mild traumatic brain injury, is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. |
| Congestive Heart Failure | Heart failure occurs when the heart muscle doesn't pump blood as well as it should |
| Conjunctivitis | inflammation of the transparent membrane that lines the eyelid and eyeball |
| Conn’s Syndrome | Primary aldosteronism (also called Conn’s syndrome) is a rare condition caused by overproduction of the hormone aldosterone that controls sodium and potassium in the blood. |
| Contact Dermatitis | an itchy rash caused by direct contact with a substance or an allergic reaction to it. |
| Cor Pulmonale | Cor pulmonale is a condition that happens when a respiratory disorder results in high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries (pulmonary hypertension). |
| Coronary Artery Disease | Coronary artery disease is a common heart condition. The major blood vessels that supply the heart (coronary arteries) struggle to send enough blood, oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle. |
| Crohn’s Disease | a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It causes swelling of the tissues (inflammation) in your digestive tract, which can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition. |
| Cryptorchidism | A testicle that doesn't move down into its proper place in the scrotum before birth is called an undescended testicle |
| Cushing’s Syndrome | Cushing syndrome happens when the body has too much of the hormone cortisol for a long time |
| Cystitis | the medical term for inflammation of the bladder |
| Decubitus Ulcer | Decubitus ulcers or bedsores are sores that develop when an individual is unable to change positions for extended periods of time |
| Deep Vein Thrombosis | a type of venous thrombosis involving the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, most commonly in the legs or pelvi |
| Delirium | a serious change in mental abilities. |
| Dementia | used to describe a group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking and social abilities. |
| Dental Caries | Tooth decay, also known as cavities or caries, is the breakdown of teeth due to acids produced by bacteria. |
| Dermatitis | inflammation of the skin, typically characterized by itchiness, redness and a rash |
| Diabetes Insipidus | an uncommon problem that causes the fluids in the body to become out of balance |
| Diabetes mellitus | a group of diseases that affect how the body uses blood sugar (glucose) |
| Diabetic Retinopathy | medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes. |
| Diphtheria | Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. |
| Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation | is a condition in which blood clots form throughout the body, blocking small blood vessels |
| Diverticulitis | small, bulging pouches that can form in the lining of your digestive system |
| Dysentery | an intestinal infection that causes severe diarrhea with blood |
| Dyspareunia | is painful sexual intercourse due to medical or psychological causes. |
| Ectopic Pregnancy | a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus. |
| Eczema | a condition that causes dry, itchy and inflamed skin |
| Elephantiasis | Elephantiasis is a complication of lymphatic filariasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic worms spread by mosquitos. |
| Emphysema | any air-filled enlargement in the body's tissues. |
| Empyema | s a collection or gathering of pus within a naturally existing anatomical cavity. |
| Encephalitis | inflammation of the brain. |
| Endometriosis | disease of the female reproductive system |
| Enuresis | also informally called bedwetting, is involuntary urination while asleep after the age at which bladder control usually begins. |
| Ephelis | a freckle, a small, light brown or tan mark on the skin |
| Epididymitis | s a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the epididymis, a curved structure at the back of the testicle. |
| Epilepsy | is a group of non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures |
| Erysipelas | is a serious bacterial infection of the skin that causes a red, swollen and raised rash. |
| Erythroblastosis Fetalis | is a rare pregnancy complication that occurs when a pregnant person’s immune system attacks the fetus’s red blood cells |
| Esophageal Atresia | congenital medical condition that affects the alimentary tract. It causes the esophagus to end in a blind-ended pouch rather than connecting normally to the stomach |
| Esophageal varices | are extremely dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus. |
| Fibrocystic Disease | Fibrocystic breasts are composed of tissue that feels lumpy or ropelike in texture. Doctors call this nodular or glandular breast tissue. |
| Fibroid Tumor | also known as uterine leiomyomas or fibroids, are benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus. |
| Folliculitis | is the infection and inflammation of one or more hair follicles |
| Ganglion cyst | s a fluid-filled bump associated with a joint or tendon sheath. It most often occurs at the back of the wrist, followed by the front of the wrist. |
| Gastritis | is inflammation of the lining of the stomach. |
| Gastroenteritis | also known as infectious diarrhea or simply as gastro, is an inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract including the stomach and intestine |
| Genetal Herpes | Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI). The herpes simplex virus (HSV) causes genital herpes. Genital herpes can often be spread by skin-to-skin contact during sexual activity. |
| Genital Warts | are a sexually transmitted infection caused by certain types of human papillomavirus |
| Giardiasis | parasitic disease caused by Giardia duodenalis. Infected individuals who experience symptoms may have diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss |
| Gilbert’s Disease | is a benign hereditary disease that affects the way bilirubin is processed in the liver and causes jaundice |
| Glaucoma | is a group of eye diseases that lead to damage of the optic nerve, which transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. |
| Glomerulonephritis | is inflammation of the tiny filters in the kidneys (glomeruli). |
| Gonorrhea | colloquially known as the clap, is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Infection may involve the genitals, mouth, or rectum |
| Good pasture syndrome | is a life-threatening autoimmune disorder. It causes the immune system to attack tissues in the lungs and kidneys. |
| Guillain-Barre Syndrome | rare disorder in which your body's immune system attacks your nerves. |
| Hallux Valgus | A bunion, also known as hallux valgus, is a deformity of the MTP joint connecting the big toe to the foot. |
| Head Trauma Dementia | Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results from a sudden, external, violent blow to the head that damages the brain, disrupting normal brain functioning. |
| Hemangioma | A hemangioma or haemangioma is a usually benign vascular tumor derived from blood vessel cell types. |
| Hematoma | also spelled haematoma, or blood suffusion is a localized bleeding outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including injury or surgery and may involve blood continuing to seep from broken capillaries. |
| Hemochromatosis | causes your body to absorb too much iron from the food you eat. |
| Hemophilia | a rare disorder in which the blood doesn't clot in the typical way because it doesn't have enough blood-clotting proteins (clotting factors) |
| Hemophilia | rare disorder in which the blood doesn't clot in the typical way because it doesn't have enough blood-clotting proteins (clotting factors). |
| Hemorrhage | haemorrhage or blood loss is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels. |
| Hemorrhoids | swollen veins in the anus and lower rectum. |
| Hemothorax | is an accumulation of blood within the pleural cavity. |
| Hepatitis | is inflammation of the liver tissue. |
| Herniated Nucleus Pulposus | A herniated disk refers to a problem with one of the rubbery cushions, called disks, that sit between the bones that stack to make the spine. These bones are called vertebrae. |
| Herpes | is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. Herpes infections are categorized by the area of the body that is infected |
| Hiatal Hernia | a type of hernia in which abdominal organs slip through the diaphragm into the middle compartment of the chest. |
| Hirschsprung’s disease | a birth defect in which nerves are missing from parts of the intestine |
| Hirsutism | excessive body hair on parts of the body where hair is normally absent or minimal |
| Hodgkin’s disease | is a type of lymphoma in which cancer originates from a specific type of white blood cell called lymphocytes, where multinucleated Reed–Sternberg cells are present in the patient's lymph nodes. |
| Huntington’s Disease | also known as Huntington's chorea, is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that is mostly inherited |
| Hydatidiform Mole | is an abnormal form of pregnancy in which a non-viable fertilized egg implants in the uterus. It falls under the category of gestational trophoblastic diseases |
| Hydonephrosis | is swelling of one or both kidneys. |
| Hydrocephalus | is a condition in which an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid occurs within the brain. |
| Hyperemesis Gravidarum | is a pregnancy complication that is characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and possibly dehydration. |
| Hypergonadism | means diminished functional activity of the gonads—the testicles or the ovaries—that may result in diminished production of sex hormones |
| Hyperparathyroidism | is an increase in parathyroid hormone levels in the blood. |
| Hyperpituitarism | is a condition where the pituitary gland produces too much hormone |
| Hypertension | also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. |
| Hypertensive Heart Disease | a long-term condition that develops over many years in people who have high blood pressure. |
| Hyperthyroidism | is the condition that occurs due to excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. |
| Hypoadrenalism | Adrenal diseases Conditions that affect the adrenal glands causing over/under production of hormones. × Conditions that affect the adrenal glands causing over/under production of hormones. |
| Hypoglycemia | also called low blood sugar, is a fall in blood sugar to levels below normal, typically below 70 mg/dL. |
| Hypogonadism | means diminished functional activity of the gonads—the testicles or the ovaries—that may result in diminished production of sex hormones. |
| Hypoparathyroidism | is decreased function of the parathyroid glands with underproduction of parathyroid hormone |
| Hypopituitarism | is the decreased (hypo) secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland at the base of the brain |
| Hypothyroidism | is a disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. |
| Impacted Cerumen | is the medical term for earwax blockage |
| Imperforate Anus | anus or anorectal malformations are birth defects in which the rectum is malformed |
| Impetigo | a bacterial infection that involves the superficial skin. |
| Impotence | Erectile dysfunction, also referred to as impotence, is a form of sexual dysfunction in males characterized by the persistent or recurring inability to achieve or maintain a penile erection with sufficient rigidity and duration for satisfactory sexual act |
| Infertility | is the inability of an animal or plant to reproduce by natural means. |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis being the principal types. |
| Influenza | commonly known as "the flu" or just "flu", is an infectious disease caused by influenza viruses. |
| Inguinal Hernia | An inguinal hernia or groin hernia is a hernia of abdominal cavity contents through the inguinal canal. |
| Insomnia | also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping. |
| Interstitial Cystitis | a type of bladder pain syndrome, is chronic pain in the bladder and pelvic floor of unknown cause. |
| Irritable Bowel Syndrome | is a common disorder that affects the stomach and intestines, also called the gastrointestinal tract |
| Kawasaki Disease | is a syndrome of unknown cause that results in a fever and mainly affects children under 5 years of age. It is a form of vasculitis, where medium-sized blood vessels become inflamed throughout the body. |
| Keloid | also known as keloid disorder and keloidal scar, is the formation of a type of scar which, depending on its maturity, is composed mainly of either type III or type I collagen. |
| Keratitis | a condition in which the eye's cornea, the clear dome on the front surface of the eye, becomes inflamed |
| Klinefelter’s syndrome | also known as 47,XXY, is a chromosome anomaly where a male has an extra X chromosome. |
| Laryngitis | is inflammation of the larynx. |
| Legg-Calve-Perthes | is a childhood hip disorder initiated by a disruption of blood flow to the head of the femur. |
| Legionnaire’s Disease | is a form of atypical pneumonia caused by any species of Legionella bacteria, quite often Legionella pneumophila. |
| Leukemia | is a group of blood cancers that usually begin in the bone marrow and result in high numbers of abnormal blood cells. |
| Lupus Erythematosus | technically known as systemic lupus erythematosus, is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body |
| Lyme Disease | also known as Lyme borreliosis, is a tick-borne disease caused by species of Borrelia bacteria, transmitted by blood-feeding ticks in the genus Ixodes |
| Lymphedema | also known as lymphoedema and lymphatic edema, is a condition of localized swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system. |
| Lymphosarcoma | also known as lymphoedema and lymphatic edema, is a condition of localized swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system. |
| Macular Degeneration | also known as age-related macular degeneration, is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field. |
| Malignant Hypertension | is a medical emergency. It can lead to permanent central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular, and renal damage if left untreated. |
| Mastoiditis | is the result of an infection that extends to the air cells of the skull behind the ear. |
| Measels | is a very contagious disease that causes fever, a red rash, cough and watery eyes |
| Meckel’s diverticulum | an abnormal sac or pouch that develops at a weak point in the intestines. |
| Meniere’s Disease | an inner ear problem that can cause dizzy spells, also called vertigo, and hearing loss. |
| Meningitis | an infection and inflammation of the fluid and membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
| Menopause | the time that marks the end of your menstrual cycles. It's diagnosed after you've gone 12 months without a menstrual period |
| Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus | is a group of gram-positive bacteria that are genetically distinct from other strains of Staphylococcus aureus |
| Mononucleosis | is a contagious infection caused by a herpes virus called Epstein-Barr. |
| Multiple Myeloma | a cancer that forms in a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell |
| Multiple Sclerosis | a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) |
| Mumps | is a viral disease transmitted from person to person by saliva and respiratory droplets. |
| Muscular Dystrophy | re a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare neuromuscular diseases that cause progressive weakness and breakdown of skeletal muscles over time. |
| Myasthenia Gravis | is a long-term neuromuscular junction disease that leads to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness |
| Myocardial Infarction | commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in one of the coronary arteries of the heart, causing infarction to the heart muscle. |
| Neurogenic bladder | s a condition where the nerves that control the bladder are damaged or changed. |
| Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | also known as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, is a group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphomas except Hodgkin lymphomas. |
| Nystagmus | is a condition of involuntary eye movement. |
| Orchitis | is inflammation of the testicles |
| Organ rejection | Rejection means that the body rejects the new organ because it sees it as a foreign invader similar to an unwanted infection |
| Osteogenesis Imperfecta | colloquially known as brittle bone disease, is a group of genetic disorders that all result in bones that break easily. |
| Osteomyelitis | is an infection of bone. Symptoms may include pain in a specific bone with overlying redness, fever, and weakness |
| Osteoporosis | causes bones to become weak and brittle |
| Otitis Externa | also called swimmer's ear, is inflammation of the ear canal |
| Otitis Media | a general term for inflammation in ear or ear infection, inner ear infection, middle ear infection of the ear, in both humans and other animals |
| Otosclerosis | is a condition that affects the middle ear and causes hearing loss |
| Ovarian Cyst | is a fluid-filled sac within the ovary. Often they cause no symptoms. |
| Pancreatitis | is a condition characterized by inflammation of the pancreas |
| Parkinson’s Disease | a progressive disorder that affects the nervous system and the parts of the body controlled by the nerves. |
| Pediculosis | Pediculosis is infestation with the human head-and-body louse, Pediculus humanus. |
| Pelvic Inflammatory Disease | also known as pelvic inflammatory disorder, is an infection of the upper part of the female reproductive system, namely the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, and inside of the pelvis. |
| Peptic Ulcer | is a break in the inner lining of the stomach, the first part of the small intestine, or sometimes the lower esophagus. |
| Peripheral vascular disease | is a vascular disorder that causes abnormal narrowing of arteries other than those that supply the heart or brain. |
| Pertussis | also known as pertussis or the 100-day cough, is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable bacterial disease. Initial symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose, fever, and mild cough, but these are followed by two or three |
| Pharyngitis | also known as throat pain, is pain or irritation of the throat. |
| Pharyngitis | also known as throat pain, is pain or irritation of the throat. |
| Phenylketonuria | is an inborn error of metabolism that results in decreased metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. |
| Phlebitis | is the inflammation of a superficial vein in the leg. |
| Placenta Previa | is when the placenta attaches inside the uterus but in a position near or over the cervical opening. |
| Plantar fasciitis | or plantar heel pain is a disorder of the plantar fascia, which is the connective tissue which supports the arch of the foot |
| Pleural Effusion | is accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space that surrounds each lung. |
| Pleurisy | also known as pleuritis, is inflammation of the membranes that surround the lungs and line the chest cavity. |
| Pneumoconioses | are a group of lung diseases caused by the lung’s reaction inhaling certain dusts |
| Pneumonia | is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. |
| Pneumothorax | is an abnormal collection of air in the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall. |
| Poliomyelitis | commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. |
| Polyarteritis Nodosa | is a systemic necrotizing inflammation of blood vessels affecting medium-sized muscular arteries, typically involving the arteries of the kidneys and other internal organs but generally sparing the lungs' circulation. |
| Polycystic Disease | is a genetic disorder in which the renal tubules become structurally abnormal, resulting in the development and growth of multiple cysts within the kidney. |
| Presbycusis | or age-related hearing loss, is the cumulative effect of aging on hearing. |
| Primary Biliary Cirrhosis | is an autoimmune disease in which the bile ducts are inflamed and slowly destroyed. |
| Prostatitis | a disorder of the prostate gland usually associated with inflammation. |
| Psoriasis | is a long-lasting, noncontagious autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin. |
| Puerperal Sepsis | an infection of the uterus and surrounding tissues |
| Pulmonary abscess | A lung abscess is a pus-filled cavity in the lungs caused by an infection, usually from bacteria but sometimes by fungi or parasites. |
| Pulmonary Edema | also known as pulmonary congestion, is excessive fluid accumulation in the tissue or air spaces of the lungs. |
| Pulmonary Embolism | is a blockage of an artery in the lungs by a substance that has moved from elsewhere in the body through the bloodstream (embolism). |
| Pulmonary Tuberculosis | s a bacterial infection that can pass through the air between people. When it affects the lungs, the medical name for this is pulmonary tuberculosis |
| Pyelitis | also known as rhinosinusitis, is an inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the sinuses resulting in symptoms that may include thick nasal mucus, a plugged nose, and facial pain. |
| Pyelonephritis | is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection. |
| Pyloric Stenosis | is a narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the first part of the small intestine. |
| Rabies | is a viral disease that causes encephalitis in humans and other mammals |
| Raynaud’s Disease | also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a medical condition in which the spasm of small arteries causes episodes of reduced blood flow to end arterioles. |
| Rectocele | In gynecology, a rectocele or posterior vaginal wall prolapse results when the rectum bulges into the vagina. |
| Reflux esophagitis | is defined as inflammation of the esophageal mucosa secondary to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in which the stomach contents reflux into the esophagus or beyond (oral cavity, larynx, or the lungs), causing troublesome symptoms and co |
| Renal Calculi | Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material develops in the urinary tract |
| Retinoblastoma | is a rare form of cancer that rapidly develops from the immature cells of a retina, the light-detecting tissue of the eye. |
| Reye’s Syndrome | a rare but serious condition that causes swelling in the liver and brain. |
| Rheumatic arthritis | A chronic inflammatory disease that affects the joints. This results in painful joints, swelling and stiffness in the joints. |
| Rheumatic fever | an inflammatory disease that can develop when strep throat or scarlet fever isn't properly treated. |
| Rheumatic Heart Disease | a condition where the heart valves have been permanently damaged by rheumatic fever. |
| Rosacea | a common skin condition that causes flushing or long-term redness on your face |
| Rubella | is a contagious viral infection that occurs most often in children and young adults |
| Scabies | an itchy skin rash caused by a tiny burrowing mite called Sarcoptes scabiei. |
| Scleroderma | is a group of rare diseases that involve the hardening and tightening of the skin. |
| Scoliosis | a sideways curvature of the spine |
| Seasonal Affect Disorder | is a mood disorder subset in which people who typically have normal mental health throughout most of the year exhibit depressive symptoms at the same time each year. |
| Sebaceous Cyst | Both of the above types of cysts contain keratin, not sebum, and neither originates from sebaceous glands. |
| Seborrheic Dermatitis | a common skin condition that mainly affects your scalp |
| Shingles | also known as herpes zoster, is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area |
| Shock | is the state of insufficient blood flow to the tissues of the body as a result of problems with the circulatory system |
| Sinusitis | also known as rhinosinusitis, is an inflammation of the mucous membranes that line the sinuses resulting in symptoms that may include thick nasal mucus, a plugged nose, and facial pain. |
| Sleep Apnea | a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts. |
| Spina Bifida | is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. |
| Spontaneous Abortion | Miscarriage, also known in medical terms as a spontaneous abortion, is the death and expulsion of an embryo or fetus before it can survive independently. |
| Strabismus | is a vision disorder in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object. |
| Stye | also known as a hordeolum, is a bacterial infection of an oil gland in the eyelid. |
| Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome | occurs when fluid builds up in the tiny, elastic air sacs (alveoli) in your lungs. The fluid keeps your lungs from filling with enough air, which means less oxygen reaches your bloodstream |
| Syphilis | is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum. |
| Talipes Equinovarus | Clubfoot is a congenital or acquired defect where one or both feet are rotated inward and downward. |
| Tay-Sachs Disease | a disease-causing variant (change) to the HEXA gene. |
| Tendonitis | inflammation of the thick fibrous cords that attach muscle to bone |
| Tetanus | also known as lockjaw, is a bacterial infection caused by Clostridium tetani and characterized by muscle spasms. |
| Thalassemia | are inherited blood disorders that result in abnormal hemoglobin. Symptoms depend on the type of thalassemia and can vary from none to severe |
| Thrombocytopenia | is a condition characterized by abnormally low levels of platelets in the blood |
| Tic disorders | Tourette's syndrome is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in childhood or adolescence. It is characterized by multiple movement tics and at least one vocal tic. |
| Tinea | an itchy, contagious fungal infection that causes a ring-shaped pattern on your skin |
| Toxemia | Pre-eclampsia is a multi-system disorder specific to pregnancy, characterized by the onset of high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine |
| Toxic Shock Syndrome | is a condition caused by bacterial toxins. Symptoms may include fever, rash, skin peeling, and low blood pressure. |
| Transient Ischemic Attack | commonly known as a mini-stroke, is a minor stroke whose noticeable symptoms usually end in less than an hour. |
| Trichomoniasis | is an infectious disease caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis |
| Tularemia | also known as rabbit fever, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. Symptoms may include fever, skin ulcers, and enlarged lymph nodes |
| Turner’s syndrome | happens when a baby assigned female at birth is born with one missing or partial X chromosome. It causes a variety of symptoms and features, like short stature and issues with ovary function. |
| Ulcerative Colitis | an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and ulcers (sores) in your digestive tract |
| Urethritis | inflammation of the urethra. |
| Urinary Incontinence | also known as involuntary urination, is any uncontrolled leakage of urine |
| Urinary tract infection | an infection in any part of the urinary system. |
| Urticaria | Hives, also known as urticaria, is a kind of skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps. |
| Uterine Prolapse | when pelvic floor muscles and ligaments stretch and weaken until they no longer provide enough support for the uteru |
| Vaginitis | also known as vulvovaginitis, is inflammation of the vagina and vulva |
| Valvular Heart Disease | one or more of the valves in the heart doesn't work properly |
| Varicella | Chickenpox is an illness caused by the varicella-zoster virus. |
| Varicose Veins | also known as varicoses, are a medical condition in which superficial veins become enlarged and twisted. |
| Vascular Dementia | dementia caused by a series of strokes. |
| Verrucae | Warts are usually harmless but may be unsightly. Warts on the feet are called verrucas (or verrucae) and are sometimes painful |
| Von Willebrand’s Disease | most common hereditary blood-clotting disorder in humans. |
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