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Biology

Blood and Heart (Section 5)

QuestionAnswer
Which ventricle has thicker walls because it has to pump blood all around the body? Left ventricle
What are the 3 types of blood vessel? 1. Arteries 2. Capillaries 3. Veins
What do arteries do? Move blood away from the heart
What do capillaries do? They are involved in the exchange of materials at the tissues
What do veins do? Carry blood to heart
What are the 4 main components of blood? 1. Plasma 2. Platelets 3. Red blood cells 4. White blood cells
What does plasma do? Carry most things that need transporting around the body
What percentage of the blood is made up of plasma? 55%
What percentage of the blood is made up of red blood cells? 45%
What percentage of the blood is made up of white blood cells and platelets? Less than 1%
Platelets are made from ___________ of cells fragments
What 3 ways are red blood cells adapted for carrying blood? 1. Lots of haemoglobin 2. No nucleus, more space for haemoglobin 3. Large surface area to volume ratio, lots of oxygen in and out
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body? Aorta
Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs? Pulmonary artery
Name two waste products exchanged between the blood in the capillaries and body tissues 1. Urea 2. Carbon dioxide
Name two nutrients exchanged between the blood in the capillaries and body tissues 1. Amino acids 2. Glucose
What do veins contain to prevent the backflow of blood? Valves
Which type of blood vessel accounts for the majority of the cross-sectional area in the human body? Capillaries
_________________ is the process by which a white blood cell binds to, and then engulfs a pathogen, in order to destroy it. Phagocytosis
What do platelets do when a blood vessel is damaged? They clump together to plug the damaged area, known as blood clotting
What is the name of the protein that holds platelets together in clots? Fibrin
What is the purpose of blood clotting? To prevent microorganisms from entering the wound
What are you injected with in a vaccination? Dead or inactive pathogens
What is the purpose of a vaccination? So body can kill pathogen quicker next time
Which part of the heart receives deoxygenated blood? Right atrium
Which part of the heart receives oxygenated blood? Left atrium
Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart? Vena cava
Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the body to the heart? Pulmonary vein
What causes coronary heart disease? When layers of fatty material build up in the coronary arteries
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the muscle of the heart? Coronary artery
Why does fatty material cause coronary heart disease? Arteries become too narrow, meaning blood flow is restricted, causing lack of oxygen
Name 3 risk factors that lead to coronary heart disease 1. Diet high in saturated fat 2. Smoking 3. Inactivity
In what 2 ways does smoking increase the risk of coronary heart disease? 1. It causes high blood pressure, damaging the arteries 2. Contains damaging chemicals which cause fatty deposits
Created by: JoeMather
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