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Biology
Human Gas Exchange (Section 4)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What 4 ways are the lungs specialised for gas exchange? | 1. Large surface area 2. Thin walls 3. Good ventilation with air 4. Good blood supply |
| What is the job of the cilia? | To beat the mucus up towards the nose and mouth where it can be removed |
| What does the mucus do? | Trap particles such as bacteria and viruses |
| Cilia are extensions of the _________________ | cell membrane |
| What muscle separates the thorax from the lower part of the body? | The diaphragm |
| What muscles run between ribs? | Intercostal muscles |
| What happens when a human breathes in? | 1. Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract 2. Thorax volume increases 3. This decreases pressure, drawing air in |
| What happens when a human breathes out? | 1. Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax 2. Thorax volume increases 3. Air is forced out |
| How are alveoli specialised for gas exchange? | 1. Huge number of alveoli, large surface area 2. Moist lining for gases to dissolve 3. Great blood supply 4. Walls are permeable |
| How is the tar in cigarettes harmful for the cilia? | Damages cilia in lungs and trachea, making chest infections more likely |
| How is the tar in cigarettes harmful for the bronchi? | Irritates bronchi, causing mucus to be produced which can't be cleared by damaged cilia. |
| What does tobacco contain that causes cancer? | Carcinogens |
| Why is carbon monoxide damaging for the circulatory system? | Reduces amount of oxygen blood can carry, causing heart rate to increase, leading to increased blood pressure. High blood pressure damages artery walls and makes blood clots more likely |
| What is the top part of the body called? | The thorax |
| Describe the 3 step process of breathing in | 1. Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract 2. Thorax volume increases 3. This decreases presssure, drawing air in |
| Describe the 3 step process of breathing out | 1. Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax 2. Thorax volume decreases 3. Air is forced out |
| What gas diffuses into the alveoli from the capillary? | Carbon dioxide |
| What gas diffuses from the alveoli into the capillary? | Oxygen |
| What happens when blood reaches body cells? | Oxygen diffuses down the concentration gradient, into the body cells where oxygen concentration is low |
| How does tobacco smoke lead to cancer? | It contains carcinogens |
| When investigating carbon dioxide release through breathing, what colour is the limewater in the boiling tube which you breath air in from? | Remains clear, as there is little carbon dioxide in the air |
| When investigating carbon dioxide release through breathing, what colour is the limewater in the boiling tube which you exhale into? | Goes cloudy, as your breath that contains carbon dioxide is bubbled through the limewater |
Created by:
JoeMather
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