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Biology

The Alimentary Canal (Section 2)

QuestionAnswer
What are the 2 main roles of the digestive system? 1. Digestion 2. Absorption
What 2 things does the mouth do? 1. Salivary glands produce amylase 2. Teeth break down food
What 3 things does the stomach do? 1. Pummels food with muscular walls 2. Produces protease enzyme, pepsin 3. Produces hydrochloric acid
What are the 2 reasons the stomach produces hydrochloric acid? 1. Kill bacteria 2. Give optimum pH for pepsin
What does the liver do? Produce bile
What does the pancreas do? Releases protease, amylase and lipase into small intestine
What does the gall bladder do? Store bile
What does the large intestine do? Absorb excess water from food
What 2 things does the small intestine do? 1. Produce protease, lipase and amylase 2. Absorbs nutrients into body
What is the first/last part of the small intestine called? Duodenum/ileum
What does the rectum do? Store faeces
What 4 ways are villi adapted for food absorption? 1. Big surface area 2. Millions of villi and microvilli 3. Good blood supply 4. Single permeable layer on surface
What is peristalsis? When the muscular tissue in the alimentary canal contracts to squeeze balls of food through the gut, preventing it from getting clogged
How do enzymes make glucose from starch? Amylase converts starch to maltose, maltase converts maltose to glucose
How do enzymes make amino acids from protein? Protease converts proteins to amino acids
How do enzymes make glycerol and fatty acids from lipids? Lipase converts lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
What 2 things does bile do? 1. Neutralises stomach acid to make optimum pH for enzymes in small intestine 2. Emulsifies fats (breaks fat into tiny droplets), giving them a bigger surface area for lipase to work on
Created by: JoeMather
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