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Energy and Life
Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is one of the most important compounds that cells use to store and release energy? | adenosine triphosphate(ATP) |
| What does ATP consist of? | adenine, a 5 carbon sugar(ribose), and three phosphate groups |
| What are the keys to ATP's ability to store and release energy? | the phosphate groups |
| How does ATP easily release and store energy? | breaking and reforming the bonds between its phosphate groups |
| Where is the energy from ATP stored? | the bonds between the three phosphate groups |
| What breaks bonds between the phosphate groups in ATP? | enzymes |
| What does the bonds between the phosphate groups in ATP breaking produce? | ADP |
| What are heterotrophs? | organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things |
| What are autotrophs? | organisms that make their own food |
| What is photosynthesis? | the process by which autotrophs use the energy of sunlight to produce carbohydrates(glucose) for food |
| Is the amount of energy in ATP and glucose the same? | No. The amount of energy in a molecule of ATP is less than in a molecule of glucose. |
| How do photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight? | with pigments |
| What is a plants' principal pigment? | chlorophyll |
| Where does photosynthesis take place? | chloroplast |
| What are some important structures of the chloroplasts? | thylakoids and stroma |
| What is an electron carrier? | a compound that can accept a pair of high energy electrons and transfer them, along with most of their energy, to another molecule |
| What is NAPD+? | one of the electron carrier molecules |
| What does NAPD+ do? | accepts and holds 2 high energy electrons, and a hydrogen ion |
| What does NADPH do? | carry the electrons produced by light absorption in chlorophyll ti chemical reactions elsewhere in the cell |
| What are the two phases of photosynthesis? | light-dependent and light-independent |
| What happens during the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis? | sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll, and green light is reflected by the leaves, which make them appear green |
| What is the energy transformation during the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis? | radiant energy is transformed into chemical energy |
| What is the photosynthesis reaction? | 6CO2 + 6H20 = C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
| What is the light-independent phase of photosynthesis? | the process in which ATP and NADPH(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) molecules produced in the light dependent reactions are used to produce high energy sugars from carbon dioxide |
| Where do light-independent reactions occur? | In the stroma |
| What are carbon dioxide and water in the photosynthesis equation? | reactants |
| What are sugar and oxygen in the photosynthesis equation? | products |
| What part of plants absorb water and minerals from the soil? | the roots |
| What part of plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air? | the pores in their leaves |
| What are stomata? | tiny pores or openings that control gas exchange |
| Where are stomata found? | on green stems and on the upper and lower epidermis of leaves |
| What are guard cells? | two bean-shaped cells that surround each stoma and control the opening and closing of the stomata |
| What is the loss of water through the stomata called? | transpiration |
| What is the transformation during light-dependent reactions? | energy from the sunlight is used to produce oxygen and convert ADP and NADP+ into the energy |
| What is an electron transport chain? | A series of electron carrier |
| Where is the ATP synthase? | in the chloroplast membrane |
| What does the ATP synthase do? | makes ATP by using the energy of highly concentrated hydrogen ions |
| What are some of the most important factors that affect photosynthesis? | temperature, light intensity, and the availability of water |
| What do certain plants called CAM(crassulacean acid metabolism) specialize in? | surviving in hot and dry conditions; they are able to do this because they use a different strategy to obtain carbon dioxide while minimizing water loss |
| What is split during light-dependent reactions? | water |
| What are thylakoids? | little compartments inside the chloroplasts that contain pigment(chlorophyll) |
| What are some nicknames for light-independent reactions? | dark reactions, Calvin Cycle |
| Different wavelengths of light have different ______. | colors |
| Light-independent and light-dependent reactions happen ______________. | simultaneously |
| Where do light-independent reactions happen? | in the stroma |
| Where do light-dependent reactions happen? | in the thylakoids |
| What is stroma? | a fluid found outside the thylakoids |
| Where do both light-dependent and light-independent reactions happen? | in the chloroplasts |
Created by:
alov9636
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