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Ex1 PT 2 Bailey Revw
Claire Bailey Micro Exam 1 PT 2 FCCJ
| test 1B-word or question | test 1B-answer or comment |
|---|---|
| Explain the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated fatty acid | Saturated fatty acid has a single bond between a carbon and hydrogen; Unsaturated fatty acid has a double bond between the carbons. |
| Explain the difference between a Triglyceride and Cholesterol. | Triglycerides R-group is in long chains of Carbon and Hydrogen; Cholesterols R-group is in rings of Carbon and Hydrogen. |
| Explain the difference between Ribose and Deoxyribose. | Ribose is a 5 carbon sugar found in RNA. It has a hydroxyl connected to the second carbon. Deoxyribose is a 5 carbon sugar used in DNA. It is missing an oxygen molecule. |
| Name the Purines and Pyrimidines. | Purines-2 ring structure denine, Guanine; Pyrimidines-single ring structure, Cytosine, Uracil (RNA), Thymine (DNA). |
| Explain how DNA and RNA differ by listing the composition and characteristics of each. | RNA consists of a single string and DNA consists of a double string. RNA uses Uracila and DNA uses Thyamine. They both use guanine, adenine and cytosine. |
| Name the three parts of a nucleotide. | nitrogen containing base, a pentose (5 carbon) sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, a phosphate group. |
| List four structural requirements for a functional | Primary-identifies the chem comp and sequence, secondary-helix is held together by bonds, tertiary-helix folds into a glob, quaternary-2 or more polys form to make a functional protein. |
| Give three examples of polysaccharides | glucose, cellulose, starch |
| Give four examples of monosaccharides | mannose, fructose, galatose, glucose |
| Explain the difference between an aldose and a ketose. | The aldose has a double bond starting with the 1st carbon. Ketose has a double bond starting with any carbon except the first carbon. |
| Discuss the Nitrogenous Bases | Five bases found in nucleic acids. Two purine bases (adenine and guanine) |
| Dicuss the difference between the Nucleic Acids - DNA and RNA. | DNA-2 strands, RNA-1 strand. Deoxyribose sugar + Phospate group, RNA-Ribose Sugar + phosphate groups. |
| Name of carbohydrates by the number of carbon atoms up to 6 carbons | 3-triose, 4-tetrose, 5-pentose, 6-hexose |
| List the three Main Carbohydrate Groups | Monosaccharides – simple sugar, Oligosaccharides – 2-6 simple sugars, Polysaccharides – many sugars (macromolecule) |
| List the types of bonding between atoms | Ionic bond, Covalent bond, Hydrogen bond, Van der Waals Interaction |
| List the number of bonds | N-3, H-1, C-4, O-2, P-3 to 5, S-2 |
| List the functions and composition of a protein. | Cellular structures, Enzymes, Antibodies, exotoxins. Are polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds. |
| List the functions and composition of a carbohydrate. | Energy source is glucose. Are polymers of simple sugars joined by glycosidic bonds. |
| List the functions and composition of a lipid. | Vitamins – D, A, E, K; Hormones, Pigmentation, Insulation, Nutrition. Comp: Are polymers of fatty acids and glycerol joined by ester bonds. |
| List the functions and composition of a nucleic acid. | DNA contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life (and most viruses). RNA serves as the template for translation of genes into proteins, are polymers. |
| Name the Six Major Groups of organisms studied in Microbiology. | Algae, Bacteria, Fungi, Protozoa, Viruses, Rickettsiae |
| Name the Characteristics of all Living Organisms | Reproduce, Ingest food and metabolize it for energy and growth, Excrete waste, React to changes in environment (irritability), Susceptible to mutations. |
| List two beneficial or commercial uses of Fungi | fermentation process used in brewing, wine-making, and baking industries. Ex: used to produce Penicillin |
| List two beneficial or commercial uses of Algae | algin – food thickener, rubber tires, lotion. Ex: Brown algae is used to induce vaginal dilation before surgery |
| List two beneficial or commercial uses of Bacteria | Used to create Insulin, Lives in your body and helps digest food |
| List two beneficial or commercial uses of Protozoa | Consume bacteria to control numbers, Food for fish and other animals |
| Why does classifying viruses as living or non-living create a problem for scientists? | ingest food, excrete waste, react to changes in environment, and be susceptible to mutations. But viruses in general have: DNA or RNA but never both, can reproduce as long as it is within a living host and are susceptible to mutation. |
| atom | smallest unit of matter that can enter into a chemical reaction; consisting of proton, neutron and electron. |
| molecule | combination of atoms (two or more) forming a specific chemical compound |
| covalent bond | a chemical bond formed by two atoms sharing one or more pairs of electrons; sharing of electrons. Ex; when you cohabitat, you share. |
| electron | negatively charged molecule in motion around the nucleus of an atom |
| proton | positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom |
| neutron | uncharged particle (neutral) in the nucleus of an atom |
| denatured protein | break down of the tertiary structure by heat, changing the pH, salt concentration, and/or use of detergents. |
| glycosidic bond | chemical bond that joins a sugar molecule to another molecule via an oxygen atom |
| peptide bond | bond joining the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of the second amino acid with the loss of water |
| double bond | a bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms. |
| non-polar bond | electrons are equally shared; of chemical bond which has no positive or negative 'ends' |
| Ionic bond | an attraction between ions of opposite charge that holds them together to form a stable molecule. |
| hydrogen bond | a bond in which a hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to one oxygen or nitrogen atom is attracted to another oxygen or nitrogen atom. |
| Van der Waals interaction | a type of bond between atoms – Molecules can attract each other at moderate distances and repel each other at close range. |
| polymer | repeating small units joined together by removal of H2O to make a macromolecule |
| ester bond | bond between glycerol and a fatty acid by removing water |
| fat | solid lipid |
| oil | liquid lipid |
| wax | fatty acid + alcohol (other than glycerol) |
| compound lipid | contains S, N, or a P (phospholipid) |
| hydrolysis | addition of water |
| nucleoside | compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base and a pentose sugar |
| nucleotide | compound consisting of a purine or pryimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate |
| Isomer | has the same molecular formula with a different molecular arrangement |
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cafe Latte
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