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unit 3 crossword
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| effect of a product of a reaction sequence to decrease its further production by inhibiting the activity of the first enzyme in the pathway that produces it | feedback inhibition |
| type of energy that has the potential to do work; stored energy | potential energy |
| type of inhibition in which the inhibitor competes with the substrate molecule by binding to the active site of the enzyme | competitive inhibition |
| inorganic ion, such as iron and magnesium ions, required for optimal regulation of enzyme activity | cofactor |
| describes chemical reactions that require energy input | endergonic |
| inhibition by a binding event at a site different from the active site, which induces a conformational change and reduces the affinity of the enzyme for its substrate | allosteric inhibition |
| pathways in which complex molecules are broken down into simpler ones | catbolic |
| energy necessary for reactions to occur | activation energy |
| the usable energy, or energy that is available to do work | free energy |
| measure of randomness or disorder within a system | entropy |
| molecule on which the enzyme acts | substrate |
| small organic molecule, such as a vitamin or its derivative, which is required to enhance the activity of an enzyme | coenzyme |
| adenosine triphosphate, the cell's energy currency | ATP |
| study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter | thermodynamics |
| describes chemical reactions that release free energy | exergonic |
| type of energy associated with objects or particles in motion | kinetic energy |
| all the chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including anabolism and catabolism | metabolism |
| dynamic fit between the enzyme and its substrate, in which both components modify their structures to allow for ideal binding | induced fit |
| specific region of the enzyme to which the substrate binds | active site |
| pathways that require an input of energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones | anabolic |
| production of ATP from ADP using the excess energy from a chemical reaction and a phosphate group from a reactant | substrate level phosphorylation |
| production of ATP using the process of chemiosmosis and oxygen | oxidative phosphorylation |
| series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions of central importance in all living systems | citric acid cycle |
| combination of an acetyl group derived from pyruvic acid and coenzyme A, which is made from pantothenic acid | acetyl CoA |
| process in which there is a production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular metabolism by the involvement of a proton gradient across a membrane | chemiosmosis |
| process that does not use oxygen | anaerobic |
| process of regenerating NAD+ with either an inorganic or organic compound serving as the final electron acceptor; occurs in the absence of oxygen | fermentation |
| process of breaking glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH | glycolysis |
| process in which organisms convert energy in the presence of oxygen | aerobic respiration |
| chemical reaction that consists of the coupling of an oxidation reaction and a reduction reaction | redox reaction |
| membrane-embedded protein complex that adds a phosphate to ADP with energy from protons diffusing through it | ATPsynthase |
| second stage of photosynthesis, through which carbon dioxide is used to build carbohydrate molecules using energy from ATP and NADPH | light independent reactions |
| stack of thylakoids located inside a chloroplast | granum |
| distance between consecutive points of equal position (two crests or two troughs) of a wave in a graphic representation; inversely proportional to the energy of the radiation | wavelength |
| organism that consumes organic substances or other organisms for food | heterotroph |
| process of converting inorganic CO2 gas into organic compounds | carbon fixation |
| light-independent reactions of photosynthesis that convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into carbohydrates using the energy and reducing power of ATP and NADPH | calvin cycle |
| molecule that is capable of absorbing certain wavelengths of light and reflecting others (which accounts for its color) | pigment |
| organism capable of producing its own organic compounds from sunlight | photoautotroph |
| first stage of photosynthesis where certain wavelengths of the visible light are absorbed to form two energy-carrying molecules (ATP and NADH) | light dependent reactions |
| organelle in which photosynthesis takes place | chloroplasts |
| range of all possible frequencies of radiation | electromagnetic spectrum |
| group of proteins, chlorophyll, and other pigments that are used in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis to absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy | photosystem |
| complex of chlorophyll molecules and other organic molecules that is assembled around a special pair of chlorophyll molecules and a primary electron acceptor; capable of gain of electron(s) by an atom or molecule undergoing oxidation and reduction | reaction center |
| disc-shaped, membrane-bound structure inside a chloroplast where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place; make stacks called grana | thylakoid |
| fluid-filled space surrounding the grana inside a chloroplast where the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis take place | stroma |
| distinct quantity or "packet" of light energy | photon |
Created by:
mortehay000
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