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Midterm Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aspirin is beneficial to patients suspected of having a heart attack because it: | prevents the aggregation of platelets. |
| Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct? | Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications. |
| Which of the following has the weakest transmission signal and, as a result, is LEAST likely to be heard by the party being called? | hand-held portable radio |
| Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct? | In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite adequate oxygenation. |
| Clinical signs of compensated shock include all of the following, EXCEPT: | absent peripheral pulses. |
| While providing care to a patient, blood got onto the ambulance stretcher. bc the stretcher was not properly cleaned afterward, a virus was transmitted to another EMT several days later. What route of transmission does this scenario describe? | indirect contact |
| U and partner are treating a 66-year-old man who experienced a sudden onset of respiratory distress. conscious but is unable to follow simple verbal commands. assessment reveals that his breathing is severely labored and his oxygen sat is 80%. U should: | assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device. |
| Early signs and symptoms of viral hepatitis include all of the following, EXCEPT: | jaundice and abdominal pain. |
| A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious, is screaming in pain, and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should: | apply direct pressure to the wound. |
| Dead space is the portion of the respiratory system that: | contains no alveoli and does not participate in gas exchange. |
| The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the: | pulmonary veins. |
| Cardiac monitoring, pharmacological interventions, and other advanced treatment skills are functions of the: | paramedic |
| Common signs and symptoms of AMI include all of the following, EXCEPT: | pain exacerbated by breathing. |
| Albuterol is a generic name for: | Proventil |
| U and partner respond to the residence of a 66y/o male with SOB. His wife says recent diagnosed with lung cancer. The Pt is verbally abusive and tells you that failure of the health care system caused his disease. stage of the grieving process is this Pt | anger |
| Which of the following is the MOST rapidly acting medication administration route? | intravenous (IV) |
| Which of the following veins is located inferior to the trunk? | saphenous |
| Which of the following statements regarding a patient with a behavioral crisis is correct? | A quiet patient is not as likely to attack you as one who is screaming. |
| With the flowmeter set at 6 L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to _______ oxygen. | 44% |
| What is the correct ratio of compressions to ventilations when performing two-rescuer child CPR? | 15:2 |
| The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the: | greater trochanter. |
| What type of medical direction do standing orders and protocols describe? | off-line |
| A mucosal atomizer device (MAD) is used to deliver certain medications via the: | intranasal route |
| What percentage of exhaled oxygen is delivered during mouth-to-mask breathing without supplemental oxygen? | 16% |
| A patient who was bitten by a mosquito and presents with signs and symptoms of illness should be suspected of having: | West Nile virus. |
| Jugular venous distention suggests a problem with blood returning to the heart if the patient is: | sitting up at a 45° angle. |
| You and your partner are attempting to resuscitate a middle-aged female in cardiac arrest. Because of the remote location you are in, you are unable to contact medical control. What should you do? | Follow locally established protocols or standing orders. |
| You and your partner are dispatched to a residence for an “ill person.” When you arrive, you find that the patient, a 44-year-old man, does not speak English. There are no relatives or bystanders present who can act as an interpreter. You should: | use short, simple questions and point to specific parts of your body to try to determine the source of the patient's complaint. |
| The amount of air that remains in the lungs simply to keep them open is called: | residual volume. |
| The determination that prompt surgical care in the hospital is more important than performing time-consuming procedures in the field on a major trauma patient is based MOSTLY on: | EMS research. |
| An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because: | the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible. |
| Together, the right and left lungs contain how many lobes? | five |
| As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on: | your local EMS protocols. |
| You are dispatched to the scene of a crash involving a large tanker truck. While you are en route, dispatch advises you that there are multiple patients and that the fire department is en route as well. As you approach the scene, you should: | maintain a safe distance and try to read the placard with binoculars. |
| The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis. | sacrum |
| Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include: | family history. |
| The person who is responsible for authorizing EMTs to perform emergency medical care in the field is the: | medical director. |
| Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are brand (trade) names for the generic medication: | ibuprofen. |
| Structures of the lower airway include all of the following, EXCEPT the: | epiglottis. |
| According to the terminal drop hypothesis: | mental function is presumed to decline in the 5 years preceding death. |
| You are transporting a 40-year-old male with respiratory distress. The patient tells you that he recently had a positive tuberculosis (TB) skin test and is currently being evaluated for possible TB. You should: | apply a nonrebreathing mask on the patient and a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) respirator on yourself. |
| When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has: | abnormal breath sounds. |
| Cardiac output may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because: | there is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely. |
| A 40-year-old male presents with pain to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. He is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. During your assessment, you note that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. You should suspect: | liver dysfunction. |
| Which of the following conditions would MOST likely cause the pupils to remain significantly constricted? | overdose of an opiate drug |
| The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called: | adsorption |
| Which of the following skills or interventions is included at every level of prehospital emergency training? | AED |
| When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes simvastatin (Vytorin) and clopidogrel (Plavix). This medication regimen suggests a history of: | cardiovascular disease. |
| In the presence of oxygen, the mitochondria of the cells convert glucose into energy through a process called: | aerobic metabolism. |
| The supporting bone of the arm is the: | humerus |
| EMT training in nearly every state meets or exceeds the guidelines recommended by the: | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). |
| Which of the following is the MOST effective strategy for managing stress? | Focus on delivering high-quality patient care. |
| A 62 y/o man with a Hx of CHF w/ severe respiratory distress and an oxygen sat of 82%. When you listen his lungs, you hear rales. conscious and alert, is able to follow simple commands, and can only speak in 2- to 3-words at a time. You should: | apply a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) device, monitor his blood pressure, and observe him for signs of improvement or deterioration. |
| A blood pressure cuff that is too small for a patient's arm will give a: | falsely high systolic and diastolic reading. |
| The primary prehospital treatment for most medical emergencies: | addresses the patient's symptoms more than the actual disease process. |
| The goal of the primary assessment is to: | identify and rapidly treat all life-threatening conditions. |
| While transporting a woman with diabetes, you inadvertently give her oral glucose even though her blood glucose level was high. You reassess the patient and note that her condition did not change; she remained stable. You should: | contact medical control and notify him or her of the error. |
| Worn out blood cells, foreign substances, and bacteria are filtered from the blood by the: | spleen |
| An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. You assess her level of consciousness as unresponsive using the AVPU scale. Your initial care should focus on: | airway, breathing, and circulation. |
| An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position? | prone |
| You are dispatched to a residence where a middle-aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position; Your FIRST action should be to: | log roll him as a unit to a supine position. |
| In two-rescuer adult CPR, you should deliver a compression to ventilation ratio of: | 30:2. |
| The MOST serious consequence of drug or alcohol abuse among EMS personnel is: | substandard or inappropriate patient care. |
| Which of the following statements regarding the NREMT is correct? | The NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing. |
| In contrast to AMI, a dissecting aortic aneurysm: | often presents with pain that is maximal from the onset. |
| Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age? | decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production |
| Typical chief complaints in patients with an infectious disease include: | fever, rash, nausea, and difficulty breathing. |
| Which of the following statements regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is correct? | SARS is caused by a virus and usually starts with flulike symptoms that deteriorate to pneumonia and respiratory failure. |
| The MOST common reason that many people experiencing AMI do not seek immediate medical attention is because they: | are in denial. |
| The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae | seven |
| Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense: | slight elevations in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid. |
| The myocardium receives oxygenated blood from the __________, which originate(s) from the __________. | coronary arteries, aorta |
| You respond to the residence of a 62-year-old male who is unresponsive. Your primary assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic. You should: | start CPR and attach the AED as soon as possible. |
| U have just done your primary assessment of a 48y/o man w crushin angina. The Pt has been given ASA and high-flow oxygen via NRM. As you begin your secondary assessment, U note that his mental status has deteriorated and he is now bradycardic. You should: | prepare the patient for immediate transport. |
| The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately _______ pounds per square inch (psi). | 2,000 |
| Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular: | disease |
| The connecting nerve, a nerve of the peripheral nervous system, functions by: | connecting the sensory and motor nerves and bypassing the brain. |
| You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that: | his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output. |
| You are assessing a 72-y/o man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should: | position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance. |
| A patient in a semireclined position with the head elevated to facilitate breathing is in the ___________ position: | Fowler's |
| dispatch to a state park for allergic Rx. assessment reveals that her breathing is labored and her BP is low. U have trained and approved by ur MD to give Epi. As partner gives the Pt high-flow O2, U try to contact MC but no signal from your cell phone. | administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital. |
| You are treating a man with a closed head injury following an assault by a burglar. The patient, who has slurred speech, becomes verbally abusive and tells you to leave him alone. You should: | proceed with treatment and utilize law enforcement if necessary. |
| A 67-year-old female with severe chest pain becomes unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic during transport. You should: | stop the ambulance, begin CPR, and attach the AED as soon as possible. |
| Select the areas of the spinal column in descending order. | cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx |
| Which of the following describes the Moro reflex? | The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled. |
| Normal respiratory rates should not exceed _______ breaths per minute in children and _______ breaths per minute in infants. | 30, 50 |
| Common signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency include: | a bounding pulse, a severe headache, and dizziness |
| Which of the following techniques should you use to dislodge a foreign body airway obstruction in a patient who is in an advanced stage of pregnancy or who is very obese? | chest thrusts |
| Activities such as walking, talking, and writing are regulated exclusively by the: | somatic nervous system. |
| The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to: | shrinkage of the brain. |
| U EMS system uses a computerized PCR in which you fill in the info electronically and then send it to the ED via a secure Internet server. The PCR has a series of drop-down boxes, which are used to identify your assessment findings and specify the Tx that | complete a thorough and accurate narrative because drop-down boxes cannot provide all of the information that needs to be documented. |
| Which of the following factors is NOT taken into consideration when assessing a person's potential for violence? | large physical size |
| When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should: | ensure that the patient can see you approaching him. |
| A 49-year-old male with an extensive cardiac history presents with 2 hours of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is pale and diaphoretic and tells you that he feels like he is going to die. His medications include nitroglycerin, sildenafil (V | ask him if he took his Viagra within the past 24 hours. |
| After taking diphendydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n): | side effect. |
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