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Astronomy Exam

QuestionAnswer
A planet in retrograde motion... shifts westward with respect to the stars.
Kepler's Third Law Planets's orbital period is relative to the size of their orbit around the Sun.
Galileo used his observations of the changing phases of Venus to demonstrate that... Venus revolves around the Sun, not Earth.
Light years are a unit of... distance.
You write your home address in the order of street, town, state, and so on. Suppose you were writing your cosmic address in a similar manner. What's the correct order? Earth, Solar System, Milky Way, Local Group
Newton's First Law A body continues to rest or stay in motion unless an unbalanced force acts on it.
Newton's Second Law Force equals mass times acceleration.
Newton's Third Law Equal opposite reaction.
Why does something weigh less on the Moon than on the Earth? The Moon's lower mass creates a lower force of gravity on its surface.
What is the correct list of the various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum in the correct order from lowest to highest energy. Radio waves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, and gamma rays.
In the Orion constellation are stars Rigel, a blue supergiant, and Betelgeuse, a red supergiant. Which star has a greater surface temperature? Rigel, the blue supergiant.
The spectral lines of a star will appear (red shifted/blue shifted) if the star is moving away from the Earth. red shifted (longer wavelength)
The two most important properties of any telescope are... the light-gathering power and the resolving power.
Carl has a 5-inch refracting telescope, and Jim has a 3-inch reflecting telescope. Whose telescope has a higher light-gathering power? Carl's, because the larger the diameter, the more light to be collected.
Using ___________, scientists can use a few smaller telescopes to take images with the same resolution as a much larger telescope. interferometry
The ability of a telescope to show two very close objects separately is called its... resolving power.
What evidence indicates that part of the Earth's interior is liquid? What evidence indicates that part of the Earth's interior is liquid?
What is the best explanation for the Moon's lack of an atmosphere? The Moon has weak gravity and is close to the Sun.
Which of the following objects are primarily rocky with iron cores? Mercury, Venus, and Earth
Which of the following best describes the planets' spins? Most spin counterclockwise.
The Sun is supported against the crushing force of its own gravity by... gas pressure.
The Sun produces its energy from... the fusion of hydrogen into helium.
In what part of the H-R diagram do white dwarfs lie? Lower center.
Which of the following stars is hottest? An O star.
In a sample of nearby stars, about what percentage will lie on the main sequence? 90%
A star's _______ is the most critical factor determining what happens in every phase of a star's life. mass
A star whose mass is 5 times larger than the Sun's and whose luminosity is 100 times larger than the Sun's has a main-sequence lifetime about... 20 times shorter than the Sun's.
As a star like the Sun evolves into a red giant, its core... contracts and heats.
A supernova... 1. creates elements heavier than iron. 2. disperses metals into the interstellar medium. 3. can outshine the rest of a galaxy. 4. can trigger star formation in a nearby cloud.
An H-R diagram of a cluster created from data that included the spectral types of the stars could be used to determine... the age of the cluster and the distance of the cluster.
The Sun will ultimately... eject its outer layers and leave behind its core as a white dwarf.
What has a radius (linear size) closest to that of a neutron star? A basketball.
The Local Group is... a cluster of galaxies in which the Milky Way is located.
An encounter in which a large galaxy absorbs a smaller galaxy is referred to as... galactic cannibalism.
What type of object is believed to be the central source of energy for an active galaxy? A massive black hole.
What type of galaxy has a mix of young and old stars, an abundant amount of gas and dust, ongoing star formation, and a definitive shape? Spiral galaxies.
What type of galaxy has only old stars, little to no gas and dust, and no star formation? Elliptical galaxies.
Astronomers speculate that most galaxies have a massive black hole at their center. What could be the origin of the suspected black hole? First, a supernova explosion formed a black hole, which in time became more massive by accretion.
What is the most likely outcome after the collision between two spiral galaxies? 1. Enhanced formation of new stars. 2. Formation of a larger galaxy.
_____ galaxies contain mostly Population II stars; while _____ galaxies contain both Population I and Population II stars. Elliptical; spiral
Hubble's law implies that the _____ galaxies have larger _____ in their spectral lines. more distant; red shift
_______ galaxies may contain a few million to few trillion solar masses. Elliptical
Stars in globular clusters belong to Population... II.
The Sun lies _______ the disk of our Milky Way Galaxy about half of the way out in
Which of the following may explain the failure to observe population III stars? 1. Population III stars had their surfaces contaminated by remnants of massive stars. 2. The first stars to be formed in the young Milky Way were very massive and therefore short-lived.
The solar system is about 5 billion years old and completes one orbit around the center of the Milky Way in 220 million years. Therefore, we conclude that the solar system has completed a total of about ___ orbits around the galactic center. 22
The estimated age of the Milky Way galaxy is... 13 billion years.
The Milky Way galaxy contains about _____ stars. Most of these stars are probably _____. 100 billion; cool dwarfs
In general, Population I stars are (older/younger) than Population II stars. younger
In general, Population I stars are _________ and Population II stars are _________. blue; red
Created by: cybie
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