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Unit 5 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Amniocentesis | A prenatal test that is used to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities in a fetus. |
| Asexual reproduction | A type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes from two parents. |
| Birth | The process by which a baby exits the womb. |
| Cancer | A disease that is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. |
| Cleavage | The process by which a fertilized egg divides into multiple cells. |
| Cloning | The process of producing a genetically identical copy of an organism. |
| Development | The process by which an organism grows and changes from a single cell into an adult. |
| Differentiation | The process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions. |
| Egg | The female reproductive cell. |
| Embryo | The early stage of development of an organism. |
| Estrogen | A female sex hormone that is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics. |
| External fertilization | A type of fertilization that occurs outside the body. |
| Fertilization | The fusion of a sperm and an egg to form a zygote. |
| Fetus | The later stage of development of an organism, from about 8 weeks after conception until birth. |
| Gametes | Reproductive cells that contain half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells. |
| Growth | The increase in size or number of cells, organs, or tissues. |
| Internal fertilization | A type of fertilization that occurs inside the body. |
| Meiosis | A type of cell division that produces gametes. |
| Mitosis | A type of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells. |
| Negative feedback loop | A control mechanism that helps to maintain homeostasis. |
| Ovaries | The female reproductive organs that produce eggs and estrogen. |
| Fallopian tube/oviduct | The tubes that connect the ovaries to the uterus. |
| Placenta | The organ that connects the mother and fetus and provides the fetus with nutrients and oxygen. |
| Progesterone | A female sex hormone that is responsible for preparing the uterus for pregnancy. |
| Sex cells | Reproductive cells that contain half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells. |
| Sexual reproduction | A type of reproduction that involves the fusion of gametes from two parents. |
| Sperm | The male reproductive cell. |
| Testes | The male reproductive organs that produce sperm and testosterone. |
| Testosterone | A male sex hormone that is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics. |
| Ultrasound | A device that uses sound waves to create an image of a fetus. |
| Umbilical cord | The cord that connects the fetus to the placenta. |
| Uterus | The muscular organ that houses the developing fetus. |
| Zygote | The fertilized egg. |