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Bio Final Review

QuestionAnswer
Define a polar bond A covalent bond where the electrons are shared unequally
Define a nonpolar bond A covalent bond where the electrons are shared equally
What is the importance of hydrogen bonds Its how water molecules are attracted to each other
Define a ionic bond When one atom steals electrons from another making it ionized
What makes water unique Water is unique because it is attracted to itself, not through electron sharing but its positive heads and negative tails
List the 3 parts of the cell theory All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things All cells are made up of existing cells
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Prokaryote is single-celled organisms like bacteria and are more basic while eukaryotic cells are usually part of multicellular organisms like animals and are much bigger
Archaebacteria vs. Eubacteria Eubacteria is true bacteria and found everywhere in the world while archaebacteria is found in the most harsh environments
Function of cell membrane Controls what goes in and out of the cell
Function of Nucleus It holds the genetic material of the cell
Function of Ribosome It is responsible for Protein Synthesis
Function of Mitochondria It produces the energy (ATP) through cellular respiration
Function of Chloroplast It produces energy through photosynthesis in plant cells
Function of Cell Wall A strong protective wall on plant cells
Function of Lysosome They break down cell waste
Definition of Eukaryote An organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. Animal and plant cells.
Definition of Prokaryote A microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles. Bacteria cells.
Definition and explanation of Binary Fission Binary Fission is the asexual reproduction of bacteria by duplicating all genetic material and splitting into 2 smaller organisms.
Definition and explanation of Binary Conjugation Binary Conjugation is when two organisms temporarily fuse and one of them gives genetic material to the other.
What 3 shapes can bacteria generally be? Rod, Spiral, and Sphere
Explanation of Aerobic respiration Aerobic is cellular respiration with sufficient oxygen creating ATPs and little side products with the equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATPs
Explanation of Anaerobic respiration Anaerobic is cellular respiration without sufficient oxygen creating fewer ATPs and more side products with the equation for animals being C6H12O6 -> 2C3H6O3 (Lactic Acid) + 2 ATPs while the equation for plants being C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2C02 + 2 ATPs
Definition of Diffusion The movement of particles of high density to low-density
Definition of Active Transport The energy-driven process where membrane proteins transport molecules across cells
Definition of Passive Transport Transport of molecules around the cell without energy
Definition of Osmosis The spontaneous passage or diffusion of water or other solvents through a semipermeable membrane
Definition of Hypertonic any external solution that has a high solute concentration and low water concentration compared to body fluids
Definition of Hypotonic a solution containing a lower amount of solute in comparison to the solute concentration in other solutions, across a semipermeable membrane
Definition of Isotonic two solutions of equal concentrations of solutes and water separated by a semipermeable membrane to allow water to move freely in and out of a cell
Photosynthesis details Photosynthesis Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 Ideal conditions for photosynthesis: 1200 ppm, 68 - 95℉, 85±2%
Created by: Case Porter
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