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earth sci 2nd q

Methods of Knowing the Age of Events in Earth's History

QuestionAnswer
How old is the universe? 13.8 billion years old (legal age na sya)
How old is the Earth? 4.54 billion years old
How old is our dear old Luna (moon)? 4.51 BILLIONYEARS OLD
How old is organisms? 3.8 BILLIONYEARS OLD!!!
How old is man? 200,000 –300,000YEARS OLD
***** are recorders of time long before humans invented its concept. It holds the secrets to the past. Rocks
Who is the father of modern Geology?(The present is the key to the past) daw JAMES HUTTON (1700s)
Earth is approximately 24 – 40million years old -- Who discovered this? LORD KELVIN(1897)
Earth is approximately 90 – 100million years old Who discovered this? JOHN JOLY(1901)
What are the methods to it? Relative Dating (oi ano ito) Absolute Dating Fossils
What is relative dating? Measures the comparative age of rocks (whichis younger or older)
Three principles of relative dating? (intawn ano ba bakit relative) Law of Superposition Law of Cross–Cutting Law of Inclusions
What is the QUALITATIVE METHOD? Relative Dating
What is Law of Superposition? In an undisturbed sequence of rocks, theOLDEST LAYER is found at the BOTTOM and theYOUNGEST LAYER is found at the TOP.
What is Law of Cross–Cutting? When faults / fractures cut through rocks, theevent of faulting / fracturing is always YOUNGERthan the rock it cuts.
What is Law of Inclusion? Any rock fragments included / embedded inanother rock is OLDER than the rocksurrounding it.
What is Absolute Dating? Determining the numericalage of materials usingradioactive isotopes (thesame elements ofdifferent mass numbers)
What method is QUANTITATIVE? Absolute Dating
What is Isotope? Atoms of the sameelements withdifferent massnumbers
What is Radioactive Decay? is the process ofbreakdown of anucleus to releaseenergy and matter
Half–Life is? The amount of timeit takes for half ofthe parent atom todecay into itsdaughter atom
The third method: Fossils What is it about? These are the preservedremains or traces oforganisms. This isimportant in determiningpossible age ofsedimentary rocks.
What are conditions required for fossilization? •Rapid Burial •Protective cover or medium •Possession of hard part or durable tissues (e.g. teeth, shells, bones)
Types of Fossilization? •Preservation without alteration •Preservation with alteration •Ichnofossils or Trace Fossils
What is Preservation w/o alteration? no major modificationof the chemistry ofthe remains occurred
What is Preservation w/ alteration? chemical composition is altered(PETRIFICATION, RECRYSTALLIZATION,CARBONIZATION)
Whats petrification? Replacement ofwoody materialwith minerals(wood becomes arock)
Whats recrystallization? Shells of organismsmade from calciumcarbonate becomescalcite.
Whats carbonization? Carbon componentof the remains areleft embedded insediments
What is Ichnofossils or trace fossils: percentage of organic remains is verysmall (includes molds, casts, etc.)
Whats carbonization? Carbon componentof the remains areleft embedded insediments
What is Ichnofossils or trace fossils: percentage of organic remains is verysmall (includes molds, casts, etc.)
Whats carbonization? Carbon componentof the remains areleft embedded insediments
What is Ichnofossils or trace fossils: percentage of organic remains is verysmall (includes molds, casts, etc.)
What is Ichnofossils or trace fossils: percentage of organic remains is verysmall (includes molds, casts, etc.)
What is Preservation w/ alteration? chemical composition is altered(PETRIFICATION, RECRYSTALLIZATION,CARBONIZATION)
Whats petrification? Replacement ofwoody materialwith minerals(wood becomes arock)
Whats recrystallization? Shells of organismsmade from calciumcarbonate becomescalcite.
Whats carbonization? Carbon componentof the remains areleft embedded insediments
What is Ichnofossils or trace fossils: percentage of organic remains is verysmall (includes molds, casts, etc.)
Created by: annebelle
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