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Study Guide 40

Caring for People with Mental Illness

QuestionAnswer
What is a common reason for individuals to abuse drugs and alcohol? As a coping mechanism in order to help them feel better or not stress so much
Clinical depression? What are the signs, symptoms? when depression is severe and persistent / will have a loss of interest in activities that they usually find fulfilling
Psychiatrist? Psychologist? Psychiatrist (MD)- a medical doctor trained in diagnosing and treating mental illness (allowed to prescribe medications) Psychologist (PhD) - has an education and training that allows counseling services to help people with mental illness (no meds)
Obsessive Compulsive disorder? What are the signs and symptoms? causes a person to suffer intensively from recurrent unwanted thoughts (obsessions) which are usually associated with rituals that the person cannot control (compulsions)
When interacting with a patient that has schizophrenia with delusions how would you engage with the patient? Understand what they experience is real to them, listen to what they are saying, watch their facial expressions+body lang., respond to the mood or feelings that person is conveying, ask nurse if you have difficulty understanding
Coping mechanism? What are some positive coping mechanisms? Coping mechanisms are conscious and deliberate ways of dealing with stress (exercise, prayer, mediation, socializing, engaging in a hobby)
Schizophrenia patients have difficulty with what? How would you handle a patient with schizophrenia? difficulty determining what is real and what is imaginary (delusions + hallucinations) - be careful, remind them they are safe, understand what they are going through
When a patient makes comments about wondering is they would be missed if the disappeared tomorrow, how would you respond/handle this? Listen to them, support them, report this to the nurse immediately using their exact words and avoiding adding any opinions or judgments
Projection? blaming someone for your own uncomfortable or unacceptable actions or feelings (she broke my lamp when really she didn't)
Compensation? to make up for a loss by "filling in" or "substituting" for something else (substituting food for affection)
Conversion? changing one thing into another (a person who is depressed (an emotional problem) may develop a stomach ache (a physical problem)
Denial? refusing to believe something that is true (a person diagnosed with a terminal illness may truly believe the doctor made the wrong diagnosis)
Displacement? shifting an emotion from one person to another who is less threatening (from daughter to care team)
Rationalization? making excuses or creating acceptable reasons for poor behaviors or actions (student fails test because "the teacher sucks")
What treatments are available for mental illness regarding emotional balance? counseling (new coping mechanisms), therapy, sometimes medication
Bipolar disorder? a mental disorder that causes mood swings (from excessive happiness -mania- to excessive sadness and hopelessness -depression-
What factors can lead to development of clinical depression? chemical imbalances in the brain, low esteem and poor coping skills, hormonal changes, medications
Repression? the refusal to remember or think about a frightening or painful memory
Mental illness? a disorder that affects a person's mind causing the person to act in unusual ways/ experience emotional difficulties
Anxiety? What are the symptoms? Anxiety - feeling of uneasiness, dread, apprehension, or worry (sleeplessness, restlessness, fatigue, changes in appetite, increased heart rate and blood pressure, irritability, difficulty thinking clearly)
Anxiety: agoraphobia? the fear of having a panic attack in a place from which there is no easy escape, and where help is not available
Bullimia Nervosa? person eats huge amounts of food (binging) and then induces vomiting or uses laxatives to rid the body of the food before it is digested (purging)
PTSD? What are the symptoms? occurs after a person experiences an overwhelmingly traumatic event / can cause flashbacks (vivd memories, nightmares, depression)
What are some treatments for mental illness? What are the different causes? A mentally ill person may need medication, counseling, or support groups to help regain emotional balance / caused by inheritance, chemical imbalances in the chemicals called neurotransmitters, environment
What physical complications can stress cause? Cardiovascular problems (heart attack) and Digestive disorders (ulcers)
What are signs of excessive stress? The person may cry, sleep excessively or be unable to sleep, have difficulty concentrating, feel depressed for a time
Defense mechanisms? What do they do? Methods of dealing with stress that "just happen" without the person normally being aware of them (help to protect from emotionally traumatic events)
Regression? to turn back to a former or earlier state (an older child who is hospitalized begins to suck their thumb)
Most common mental illnesses? anxiety disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders, substance abuse disorders and addictions
Anxiety: panic disorder? a person with a panic disorder has terrifying episodes or "panic attacks" during which they experience extreme anxiety and feelings of intense fear (rapid heart rate, chest or abdominal pain, shortness of breath, dizziness)
Phobia? Simple phobias vs social phobias? phobia = an excessive abnormal fear of an object or situation simple (a specific thing like cats) vs. social (fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in front of other people)
Treatment facilities for the mentally ill? some facilities provide long term care for m.i. people, other facilities specialize in acute care services+care to person experiencing mental crisis, after phase is passed person might be able to go home/receive treatment on an outpatient basis
What does outpatient mental health clinics offer? they see people on a regular basis and offer counseling, medication, and support groups / may even help the person obtain education, job training, or employment
Who is particularly at risk for developing mental illness? elderly people
What are some negative coping mechanism? nail biting, pacing, overeating or not eating enough, smoking, abusing drugs or alcohol, self-harm
What are some of the most common mental illnesses? Mood disorders, Anxiety, Schizophrenia, Substance abuse disorders and addiction, Eating disorders
Mood disorders? affect how a person feels emotionally
What is the difference between delusions and hallucinations? delusion = false ideas hallucinations = senses (hearing, smelling, feeling, tasting, seeing)
What are some characteristics that people with schizophrenia normally exhibit? speech may become distorted, may switch topics during a conversation, make up new words or patterns of speech, and may say or do very strange things
Addiction? Withdrawal? Physical need for substance that results in withdrawal signs and symptoms when quit taking the substance Emotional and physical reaction that occurs when use is discontinues
Anorexia Nervosa? anorexia (loss of appetite) is a key feature of this disorder
Binge-Eating? A person who binge-eats will eat large amounts of food without purging / the need to continue eating is excessive / the person will become obese
How do you interact with a person when they are having a panic attack? Keep voice low+calm, ask the person to take deep breaths, encourage them to focus on you, reassure the person they're safe and that you will help them
Created by: 25smlyford
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