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Science Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How does the tilt of the earth affect seasons? | It causes the seasons; when the axis points towards the sun, expect summer, when it points away, expect winter. |
| What is the tilt of the earth's axis? | 23.5 degrees |
| What is the difference between radiation and convection? | Radiation: Heat transfers without particles (in waves) Convection: Heat transfers within fluids |
| How does latitude affect climate? | The closer to the equator, the warmer the climate |
| What is the difference between climate and weather? | Climate is the weather of a specific region averaged over a long period of time. Weather is the short term atmospheric conditions. |
| What is the difference between rotation and orbit? | Rotation is the spinning of the planet. Orbit is the planet traveling around the sun. |
| Where on the earth is the sun's intensity the greatest? | The Equator (or near) |
| Where on the earth is the sun's intensity the least? | The north and south poles |
| What effect does increased salinity have on water? | It increases density. |
| What happens when hot water and cold water are combined? | The hot water cools down and the cold water warms up to make a medium temperature. Hot water rises, cold water settles at the bottom and warm water settles in the middle. |
| What happens to the density of water as temperature increases? | The density lowers because the warmer water has a greater volume. |
| What happens to the density of water as temperature decreases? | The density increases because colder water has a smaller volume. |
| What does thermal energy have to do with molecular motion? | The higher the thermal energy, the more molecular motion there is. |
| What does the "Global Conveyor Belt" refer to? | A constantly moving system of deep ocean circulation driven by temperature and salinity |
| Describe the process of how thermal energy must be absorbed to heat something. | You need thermal energy to heat something up; the thermal energy causes molecules to move faster and heat up |
| Describe how convection currents (water movements) can be caused by differences in the density of the water. | Differential heating, lighter density rises while heavier sinks |
| What is the Doppler Effect? | The change in frequency that you hear when a source and an observer are moving toward or away from each other. |
| What is the difference between marine climate and continental climate? | Marine climate is influenced by a nearby ocean; continental climate is influenced by a nearby land |
| What are Ocean Gyres and how are they formed? | A large system of circular ocean currents formed by global winds |
| What happens to sound as wavelengths increase? | As wavelengths increase, frequency decreases |
| What happens to sound as wavelengths decrease? | As wavelengths decrease, frequency increases |
| What is the difference between refraction and reflection? | Refraction is the process in which light shifts its path (bending of light waves). Reflection is the act of a light hitting a medium and reflecting back (bouncing back of light waves) |
| Describe how sound travels. | Vibrations create sound waves that move through mediums such as air, water and wood |
| What mediums can sound travel through? | Solids, liquids, gases (NOT in a vacuum!) |
| What is the difference between different types of light? | There is light that we can see and light that we cannot see (visible and invisible). Light is a spectrum with varying intensity, brightness and color |
| What instruments are used to measure sound? | The sound level meter (SLM), the noise dosimeter |
| What is the speed at which sound travels? | About 343 meters/second (770 mph) |
| What are the different types of sound waves? | Longitudal, transverse |
| How do our eyes see color? | Light travels into our eyes to the retina. The rods and cones process it and send signals to our brain. |
| What color cones do we have in our eyes? | Blue, green and red |
| Why do we see a colored object as that color? | The color we see is the light waves being reflected back to our eyes. |
| List the main parts of a sound wave? | 1. Rest 2. Crest 3. Trough 4. Wavelength 5. Amplitude |
| What sense did you study during the 5 senses project? What is its function? (how does it work) | Sight - our eyes see the light reflected and send the information to our brain. |
| Describe what a scientist does. | A scientist conducts experiments and gathers research to learn new information. |
| Tilt | Lean/slope of the earth; 23.5 degrees |
| Crest | Top point of a sound wave |
| Humidity | Amount of moisture in the air |
| Orbit | Curved path of rotation |
| Trough | Bottom point of a sound wave |
| Precipitation | Amount of rain, snow, etc in a given location |
| Solar Energy | Energy from the sun |
| Climate | Overall weather conditions of a location over a period of time |
| Prevailing winds | Wind patterns that blow from a specific direction |
| Temperature | Measure of warmth or cold |
| Pitch | Height or depth of a sound |
| Intensity | Being intense or of great strength |
| Salinity | Amount of salt in water |
| Hertz | Measurement of frequency |
| Latitude | Distance in degrees, north or south of the equator |
| Density | Mass over Volume of an object - affected by salinity and temperature |
| Convection current | Transfer of heat by circular motion |
| Frequency | Total number of sound wave cycles |
| Seasons | 4 periods of different weather patterns |
| Thermal Energy | Energy caused by heat, temperature, or the sun |
| Compression | Reduction in volume or pressure (squeeze sound waves) |
| Amplitude | Height of a sound wave |
| Absorption | Being absorbed or incorporated |
| Rarefraction | Spreading out of sound waves |
| Wavelength | Distance between sound waves |
| Atmosphere | Gas surrounding the earth |
| Refraction | Bending of light or sound waves |
| Reflection | Bouncing off of light or sound waves |
| Decibel | Measurement of sound 0 decibels = no sound 70 decibels = being to cause damage 200 decibels = instant damage |
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