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bio semester 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are cells | smallest unit of living things |
| in what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated | S phase |
| what does totipotent mean | can form any cell in the body |
| what is the outcome of mitosis | two genetically identical cells |
| what is the division of the nucleus called | mitosis |
| what disorder is when cells undergo the cell cycle and mitosis without control | cancer |
| what is differentiation of cells | cells change to become different types of cells with specific jobs |
| what are histones | proteins associated with folding and wrapping DNA |
| HOW DO CELLS DIFFERNTIATE | DIFFERENT GENES TURN OFF TO CREATE DIFFERENT PROTEINS |
| what is Chargaff's rule | adenine=thymine, guanine=cytosine |
| what are DNA molecules made from | long strands of nucleotides |
| what is the function of DNA | to regulate the production of proteins |
| what is a nucleotide composed of | sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base |
| what does Watson and Cricks landmark 1953 paper say about the structure of DNA | bases on the inside of the helix, phosphates on the outside |
| what process starts with RNA polymerase bonding to the promoter in DNA | transcription |
| after transcription where does the mRNA move in order to create the protein | ribosome |
| what is the role of mRNA | carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus to the ribosome |
| what is the role of the anticodon in translation | ensure that each amino acid is delivered to the proper codon |
| what is a codon | mRNA triplet that specifies a particular amino acid |
| what occurs in transcription | DNA is coded to mRNA |
| what does the quaternary level of protein folding produce | polypeptides into complete proteins |
| how does the epigenome affect the DNA | it turns genes on and off |
| what happens when genes have a methyl group attached to them | turned off |
| what happens when a gene has a acetyl group attached to them | turned on |
| genotypic ratio heterozygous x homozygous dominant | 1:1 |
| phenotypic ratio homo recessive and heterozygous | 1:1 |
| phenotypic ratio hetero x hetero | 3:1 |
| genotypic ratio hetero x hetero | 1:2:1 |
| what is incomplete dominance | a blending of phenotypes into an intermediate form(red+white=pink) |
| what does the X shape represent | helical shape of DNA |
| what do the missing smears represent | two strands |
| what type of reproduction makes genetic variation | sexual |
| how many chromosomes r in an individual with down syndrome | 47 |
| what is a mutation | change in a gene |
| what is a point mutation | mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides |
| what is crossing over | homologous chromosomes exchange corresponding segments of DNA |
| what affects can a mutation have | harmful, beneficial, neutral |
| what causes a frameshift mutation | insertion or deletion |
| when does crossing over occur | prophase 1 |
| what is independent assortment | homologous chromosomes exchange corresponding segments of DNA |
| how are homologous chromosomes similar | size, shape, genetic content |
| what about the ABO blood groups doesn't fit into classic mendelian genetics | multiple alleles, codominance |
| if a person inherits an autosomal recessive disorder like Tay-Sachs or Cystic Fibrosis who did they inherit the trait | both parents contributed a recessive allele |
| what does grading on a curve have to do with genetic | it is assuming that intelligence is based on polygenic inheritance |
| what are three evidences of evolution | fossil record, homologous chromosomes, similarities and differences in DNA |
| what is the main idea of The Origin of Species | species change overtime by natural selection |
| what happens to organisms of the same species living in different habitats | become increasingly different, divergent evolution |
| forces that drive natural selection | competiton for natural resources, genetic variation |
Created by:
27tcheek
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