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Biology Midterm

Biology

QuestionAnswer
Where on a graph does the independent variable go? X-axis
Where on a graph does the dependent variable go? Y-axis
What characteristics do all living things share? Made of cells
What is an Independent variable? What you change
What is a dependent variable? What changes / is measured
What gives water many properties that are important to living things? Polarity and hydrogen bonds
Why does ice float in water? It’s less dense
What is a polar molecule? Has poles
What is cohesion? Water sticks w/ water
Why is high specific heat important for organisms? Heats slowly
What is capillary action? Tube movement due to adhesion & cohesion
Why are hydrogen bonds an important characteristic of water? They allow water to stick to surfaces and itself
What is a hydrogen bond? Chemical bond between oxygen (-) and hydrogen (+)
Why is water important? Brings nutrients to cells
What is an enzyme? A protein
What do enzymes affect? Rate of activity
What is the function of carbohydrates? Energy source
What is the function of proteins? Chemical reactions
What is the function of lipids? Energy storage, protection, insulation
What is the monomer of proteins? Amino acids
What are the three parts of the cell theory? 1. Living things are made of one or more cells; 2. Cells come from preexisting cells; 3. Cells are the basic structural unit of living organisms
What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? Has nucleus; No nucleus
Function of chloroplasts? Makes food
Function of mitochondria? Makes energy
Function of ribosomes? Makes proteins
Function of nucleus? Contains DNA
Function of plasma membrane? Regulates what goes in/out
Calculate the magnification of a microscope. The eyepiece has a magnification of 10x and the objective lens has a magnification of 35x. What is the total magnification? 350x
What is the difference between plants and animal cells? Plant: cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole, holds H2O; Animal: centrioles
What is the path that a protein follows to be made and transported out of a cell? ER to golgi body
Where are ribosomes located in the cell (2 locations) Cytoplasm & Rough ER
What is selectively permeability? Only specific substances can pass through
What is the main difference between active and passive transport? Active uses ATP energy
What is passive transport? Transporting without ATP (with concentration gradient)
What is active transport? Transporting with ATP (against concentration gradient)
What is diffusion? Movement of molecules from high to low concentration
What is a concentration gradient? High to low movement
How does water move in an isotonic solution? In & out
How does water move in an hypotonic solution? In
How does water move in an hypertonic solution? Out
What is endocytosis? Taking in
What is exocytosis? Letting out
What occurs during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis? Photolysis
What is produced in photosynthesis? Oxygen & glucose
Where does photosynthesis occur? Plants (chloroplasts)
What is the formula for photosynthesis? 6H2O + sunlight + 6CO2 = 6O2 + C6H12O6
Where does cellular respiration occur? Mitochondria
What are the products and reactants of cellular respiration? 6O2 + C6H12O6 = 6H2O + 6CO2 + 38 ATP
When does fermentation occur? Anaerobic due to lack of oxygen
What occurs during interphase? Cells grows and replicates DNA (normal function)
What occurs during cytokinesis? Cytoplasm divides
What is the purpose of mitosis? Make body cells
How does the end result of mitosis compare with the end result of meiosis? Mitosis: 2 diploids; Meiosis: 4 haploids
What is a chromosome made of? 2 chromatids
What is the difference between cancer cells and normal cells? Cancer cells divide uncontrollably
What are homologous chromosomes? Chromosomes with same gene (one maternal and one paternal)
What is meiosis? Division of cells to make gametes
How many chromosomes are in a human gametes? 23
How many chromosomes are in human body cells? 46
What is the correct order for the cell cycle? Interphase (g1, s, g2), prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokynesis
Created by: ava.mayne
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