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Inside Earth Ch. 4/5

Minerals / Rocks

TermDefinition
mineral A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure (most of the time) and a definite chemical composition.
Moh’s hardness scale A scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals.
streak The color of a mineral’s powder.
luster The way a mineral reflects light from its surface.
cleavage A mineral’s ability to split easily along flat surfaces.
fracture The way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way.
fluorescence The property of a mineral in which the mineral glows under ultraviolet light.
texture The look and feel of a rock’s surface, as determined by the size, shape, and pattern of a rock’s grains.
grain A particle of mineral or other rock that gives a rock its texture.
igneous rock A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock on or below the surface.
metamorphic rock A type of rock that forms from existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
sedimentary rock A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.
extrusive rock Igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth’s surface.
intrusive rock Igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath Earth’s surface.
sediment Small, solid pieces of material that come from rocks or organisms.
erosion The destructive process in which water or wind loosen and carry away fragments of different objects, such as rock.
foliated A term used to describe metamorphic rocks whose grains are arranged in parallel layers or bands.
rock cycle A series of processes on the surface and inside Earth that slowly change rocks from one kind to another.
Created by: beviskil11
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