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Vocab Review AP Bio

Final Review

TermDefinition
Hydrogen Bonds Weaker attraction caused by H+ Atoms - Found between water molecules.
Cell Membrane A living, fluid barrier made with phospholipids, may burst in hypotonic solutions
Lipids Found often in cell membranes, very non-polar , can be double-bonded to decrease viscosity.
Choloroplast A structure that does photosynthesis with thylakoids, stroma, LIR and LDR
Cell Wall An nonliving, protective barrier that helps plant cells deal with turgor pressure.
Carbohydrate An energy storing molecule made by linking sugars together when its large.
Oxygen An element that can electrons and become negative, attracting positive atoms.
Cell Surface Area Increases as cells grow, but can only feed the faster growing volume until limits are reached
Polar Describes molecules with a partial positive-charged side and a partial negative-charged side.
Mitochondria A structure that uses the products of glycolysis to generate lots of ATP by aerobic respiration.
DNA The main information molecules, kept in the nucleus, made with nucleotides.
ATP Universal energy carrier , it can assist with 1000's of reactions, made by linking 3 phosphates
Hypertonic High particle concentration in the solutions, makes cells shrink, causes Dr. K's wrinkles
Hypotonic Low particle concentration in solutions could extend Dr. K's cellular efficiency and his lifespan
Equilibrium The particle concentration when cells don't quickly gain or lose large amounts of water.
Cryptic Coloration When an animals evolves an appearance to blend in with its surroundings
Aposematic Coloration When an animal develops warning colors to ward off potential predators
Symbiosis A general term for when one species lives in a close relationship with another species
Parasitism A type of symbiosis when one species benefits but the other species experiences a cost.
Mutualism A type of symbiosis when both species benefit from the situation.
Altruism When one individual puts itself in harm's way to benefit the main group.
Facilitated Diffusion Using channel proteins to transport large or charged molecules with the gradient.
Simple Diffusion Using no extra energy or special proteins to allow molecules to enter and exit with the gradient
Active Transport When a membrane uses special protein pumps and ATP power to work against the gradient
Competitive Inhibition When a special molecule gets directly in the way of the active site of an enzyme
Allosteric Inhibition When a special molecules binds to an enzyme away from the active site, altering the shape, slowing.
Normal Enzyme Binding When an enzyme normally acts on the correct substrate at an uninhibited rate.
Fermentation Used when a cell needs quick energy anaerobic situations, but produces lactic acid in animals
Kreb Cycle A series if reactions that happens in matrix, making energy carriers for the ETC.
Oxygen An element that is crucial for pulling electrons through ETC, helping with energy
Glycolysis Happens in the cytosol, where glucose is broken into pyruvates, releasing 2 ATPs and NADH.
Water An awesome liquid required by plants to donate electrons via photolysis, which is driven by the sun.
Red Manometer Fluid This liquid can indicate the rate of oxygen consumption in a respirometer.
ETC Also known as the electron transport chain, it creates H+ power to assist ATP synthase
ATP Synthase An enzyme powered by the backflow of Hydrogen Ions, makes universal energy carriers
Glucose A sugar made in leaves by photosynthesis, transported by phloem to the rest of the plant
Carbon Dioxide The gas used by plants to build carbon-based sugars like glucose.
Created by: bellam08
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