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Unit 7: Body Systems
Body Systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Circulation | the flow/transport of materials within a cell as well as between parts of a multicellular organism |
| Digestion | the process that breaks down large food molecules into simpler molecules that the organism can use |
| Alveoli | the site of gas exchange in the lungs |
| Capillaries | tiny blood vessels that deliver nutrients and oxygen to individual cells |
| Homeostasis | the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment even when the external environment changes |
| Tissue | a group of specialized cells that perform a specific function |
| Organ | a body structure made of different kinds of tissues combined to perform a specific function |
| Organ System | several organs that work together to perform a major function in the body |
| Synthesis | a life process that involves combining simple substances into more complex substances |
| Gas exchange | the process of obtaining oxygen from the environment and releasing carbon dioxide |
| Diffusion | the movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| Osmosis | the movement of water molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration |
| Organelle | a structure within a cell that carries out a specific function |
| ATP | a compound that stores energy in cells |
| Dynamic equilibrium | the constant small corrections that normally occur to keep an organism's internal environment within the limits needed for survival |
| Digestive system | body system that includes the intestines, stomach, liver, and mouth. Breaks down foods into usable nutrients |
| Circulatory system | body system that transports needed materials throughout the body |
| Respiratory system | body system with the function of gas exchange |
| Insulin | a hormone that prompts glucose to move from the blood into body cells, resulting in a lower glucose level in the blood |
| Glucose | a sugar that is the major source of energy for cells |
| Excretion | the removal of all the wastes produced by the cells of the body |
| Excretory system | body system that includes the kidneys and bladder. Removes waste from the blood and excretes it out of the body |
| Nervous system | body system that includes the brain and nerves. Controls / coordinates the other body systems. |
| Muscular system | body system that moves the body |
| Endocrine system | body system that includes the pancreas and other glands. Controls / coordinates the body by sending hormones through the blood |
| Stimuli | any change in the environment that causes an organism to react |
| Feedback mechanism | a cycle in which an organism detects a change, and then responds to it Ex: High blood sugar → pancreas releases insulin → lower blood sugar |
| How do digestive system and circulatory system work together? | Digestive breaks down food into nutrients, circulatory transports these nutrients to the cells of the body |
| How do respiratory system and circulatory system work together? | Respiratory system gets oxygen into the body, circulatory system transports this oxygen to our body cells. |
| How do nervous system and muscular system work together? | The muscles receive messages carried by the nerves and contract, resulting in movement |
| How do digestive system and respiratory system work together? | Digestive system breaks down food and the respiratory system brings in oxygen so that both materials are available to cells to make ATP |
| How do circulatory system and excretory system work together? | Circulatory system carries wastes. Excretory system removes wastes from the blood and excretes them. |
| AIDS | the disease that results when the HIV virus attacks the immune system |
| allergy | a condition in which a person's immune system is overly sensitive to environmental substances that are normally harmless |
| antibodies | a protein, produced by the immune system, that either attacks invading pathogens or marks them for destruction |
| antibiotics | a medicine produced by microorganisms used to destroy pathogens in humans and domestic animals |
| antigens | a molecule found on the outer surfaces of cells that the immune system recognizes as either part of the body or an outside invader |
| disease | a condition, other than injury, that prevents the body from working as it should. When you are not in homeostasis. |
| immune system | body system that defends the body against disease-causing pathogens |
| pathogen | an organism that invades the body, causing disease. Also known as a microbe. |
| vaccine | a substance made of weakened, killed, or partial pathogens and designed to protect the body from future invasions of that pathogen |
| Receptor molecule | specific protein molecules in the cell membrane that can receive chemical messages from other cells |
| Immunity | the body's ability to destroy pathogens before they cause disease. You get this when you make antibodies. |
| What does the nervous system sense during exercise? | Increased CO2 in the blood |
| How does the body maintain homeostasis during exercise? | Increase heart rate to remove CO2 from cells faster Increase breathing rate to remove CO2 from blood faster |
| Absorption | process where small molecules and nutrients pass into the blood vessels (capillary beds) in the wall of the intestine |
| Organ rejection | Your immune system attacks a transplanted organ because the transplanted organ has different antigens. |
| Immunosuppressants | Medication that weakens your immune system. Decreases the chance of organ rejection, but makes you more vulnerable to disease |
Created by:
bhoy
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