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Mitosis and Meiosis

Mitosis and Meiosis Review Sheet (Test #4)

TermDefinition
Chromosome Wound DNA used for cell division
Mitosis Used for growth, repair, and development, creates two diploid cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent, used for reproduction in simple organisms, two daughter cells
Meiosis Makes sperm and egg, has half the number of chromosomes as the parents, haploid cells, process happens twice, crossing over occurs, four daughter cells
Homologous Chromosomes Pair of chromosomes containing the same coding information but are from different parents
Chromatid DNA wrapped around proteins, one half of chromosome that attaches to the centromere
Centromere Protein that hold sister chromatids together
Sporulation Releases spores, asexual reproduction, identical
Regeneration Re-grows parts that have been damaged, asexual reproduction, identical
Vegetative Propagation Plant reproduction that is asexual, identical
Binary Fission Splitting of a cell into two, asexual reproduction, identical
Budding Small bud pops off to create a new organisms, asexual reproduction, identical
Cancer An uncontrollable growth of cells, mitotic
Diploid 2N cells that contain double the amount of chromosomes (normal body cells)
Haploid N cells that contain half the amount of chromosomes (sex cells)
Asexual Reproduction Identical offspring, one parent, simple organisms, lack of genetic variation
Sexual Reproduction Similar but different offspring, two parents, lots of genetic variation
Gamete Sperm and egg created through mitosis, sex cells, produce hormones
Gametogenesis Process of making sex cells
Spermatogenesis Process of making sperm cells, make four cells
Oogenesis Process of making egg cells, make one egg and three polar bodies
Polar Bodies Cells made in oogenesis that are not used for reproduction
Cell Plate Created during cytokenesis in plants to seperate cells
Cleavage Furrow Created during cytokenesis in animals to seperate cells
Interphase Growth and synthesis phase, happens once in both mitosis and meiosis
Prophase Nucleus disappears, DNA winds up, happens once in mitosis and twice in meiosis, in meiosis 1, crossing over occurs to randomly sort DNA and provide variation
Metaphase Chromosomes line up in the middle, happens once in mitosis and twince in meiosis
Anaphase Chromosomes separate, happens one in mitosis and twice in meiosis
Telophase Cells begin to split, chromosomes unwind, nucleus reforms, happens once in mitosis and twice in meiosis
Created by: 28lins
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