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Mitosis and Meiosis
Mitosis and Meiosis Review Sheet (Test #4)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chromosome | Wound DNA used for cell division |
| Mitosis | Used for growth, repair, and development, creates two diploid cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent, used for reproduction in simple organisms, two daughter cells |
| Meiosis | Makes sperm and egg, has half the number of chromosomes as the parents, haploid cells, process happens twice, crossing over occurs, four daughter cells |
| Homologous Chromosomes | Pair of chromosomes containing the same coding information but are from different parents |
| Chromatid | DNA wrapped around proteins, one half of chromosome that attaches to the centromere |
| Centromere | Protein that hold sister chromatids together |
| Sporulation | Releases spores, asexual reproduction, identical |
| Regeneration | Re-grows parts that have been damaged, asexual reproduction, identical |
| Vegetative Propagation | Plant reproduction that is asexual, identical |
| Binary Fission | Splitting of a cell into two, asexual reproduction, identical |
| Budding | Small bud pops off to create a new organisms, asexual reproduction, identical |
| Cancer | An uncontrollable growth of cells, mitotic |
| Diploid | 2N cells that contain double the amount of chromosomes (normal body cells) |
| Haploid | N cells that contain half the amount of chromosomes (sex cells) |
| Asexual Reproduction | Identical offspring, one parent, simple organisms, lack of genetic variation |
| Sexual Reproduction | Similar but different offspring, two parents, lots of genetic variation |
| Gamete | Sperm and egg created through mitosis, sex cells, produce hormones |
| Gametogenesis | Process of making sex cells |
| Spermatogenesis | Process of making sperm cells, make four cells |
| Oogenesis | Process of making egg cells, make one egg and three polar bodies |
| Polar Bodies | Cells made in oogenesis that are not used for reproduction |
| Cell Plate | Created during cytokenesis in plants to seperate cells |
| Cleavage Furrow | Created during cytokenesis in animals to seperate cells |
| Interphase | Growth and synthesis phase, happens once in both mitosis and meiosis |
| Prophase | Nucleus disappears, DNA winds up, happens once in mitosis and twice in meiosis, in meiosis 1, crossing over occurs to randomly sort DNA and provide variation |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes line up in the middle, happens once in mitosis and twince in meiosis |
| Anaphase | Chromosomes separate, happens one in mitosis and twice in meiosis |
| Telophase | Cells begin to split, chromosomes unwind, nucleus reforms, happens once in mitosis and twice in meiosis |
Created by:
28lins
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