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Unit 7 Vocab
Cell Membrane and Cell Transport
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cell membrane | the organelle that controls what enters and leaves the cell |
| Selectively/Semi Permeable | lets some things in and doesn't let other things in |
| Passive Transport | cell transport that does not require energy |
| Active Transport | cell transport that requires energy |
| Diffusion | a type of passive transport in which small molecules move across the lipid bilayer from high to low concentration |
| Facilitated Diffusion | a type of passive transport in which molecules move through a channel protein from high to low concentration |
| Osmosis | the diffusion of water from high to low concentration |
| Molecules that move by diffusion | Very small molecules like carbon dioxide and oxygen |
| Molecules that move by facilitated diffusion | Monomers like amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids (bigger than oxygen and carbon dioxide, but smaller than macromolecules) |
| Concentration | the amount of a substance in a given area |
| Equilibrium | when there is an equal concentration of a substance on both sides of the cell membrane |
| Lipid Bilayer | what we call the structure of the cell membrane because it is made of two layers of lipids |
| Fluid Mosaic Model | the idea that the cell membrane is made of lots of pieces like a mosiac, and those pieces are flexible and can move around |
| Channel Protein | proteins in the cell membrane that help with facilitated diffusion; do not need ATP |
| Protein Pump | proteins in the cell membrane that help with active transport; require the use of ATP |
| Endocytosis | when the cell membrane engulfs large molecules |
| Phagocytosis | a type of endocytosis in which solids are engulfed by the cell membrane |
| Pinocytosis | a type of endocytosis in which liquids are engulfed by the cell membrane |
| Exocytosis | when the cell membrane ejects large molecules (opposite of endocytosis) |
| Three factors that determine whether a substance can move through the cell membrane | size, shape, and composition |