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Biology Quizlet #11

18 terms Quater 2

TermDefinition
Messenger RNA (mRNA) RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes
Transfer RNA (tRNA) An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and protein language by picking up specific amino acids and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
homeotic genes Genes that determine basic features of where a body part is.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER) membrane network with ribosomes attached for protein synthesis; site of protein modification
RNA polymerase enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template
promoter region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA
genetic code collection of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis
Homeobox genes code for transcription factors that activate other genes that are important in cell development and differentiation
cell differentiation the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function.
codon three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
anticodon group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon; does not code for amino acids
ribosome Organelle that is the site of protein synthesis
Golgi apparatus A system of membranes that further modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell
Transcription synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
translation decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain
transcription factors Collection of proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of transcription.
Vesicle Small membrane-bound sac that functions in moving products into, out of, and within a cell.
Created by: rathburn74
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