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CytoskeletonMembrane

QuestionAnswer
The three main components of the cytoskeleton: Microfilaments, Intermediate Filaments and Microtubules
Component of Microfilaments Actin protein subunit: globular g actin assembles to form f actin fibres. Two f actin fibres coil together
Component of intermediate filaments Diverse family of proteins: keratin, lamins and desmin. Proteins form coiled coil dimers that assemble into quatramers which continue to accumulate and stagger and twist into a rope like filament
Component of Microtubules: A hollow tube of two types of globular protein tubulin. The two make and alpha-beta dimer. 13 tubulin make a hollow tube
Centrosomes The origin and control centre of microtubules. Composed of a pair of centrioles which are composed of nine sets of fused microtubules
Function of microtubules Cell transport, - dynein and +kinesin. can form cilia or flagella
Intermediate filament function Have great tensile strength that contributes to the maintenance of cells shape and the anchorage of the nucleus. Also connects adjacent cells intracellularly
Function of microfilaments Provide cell structure framework, determine cells shape but also allow cell movement and muscle contraction.
The Four Principle Mechanisms of Membrane Transport 1. Passive diffusion 2. Facilitated diffusion 3. Active transport 4. Bulk Transport
Passive Diffusion small non-polar molecules eg) water and urea, lipids and lipid colid molecules
Facilitated diffusion Also a passive process, allows the flow of ions across a membrane through protein structures such as pores which create a water filled channel allowing ions to pass through. Can be voltage, ligand or mechanically gated channels
Active transport Independent of concentration gradient. Dependent on integral membrane proteins that selectively bind a molecule and pass it across. Uses energy. Unidirectional. Eg) Na+/K+ ATPase exchanges Na+- out for K+ into the cell for each ATP, 3 na out for 2 k in
Secondary Active Transport Model uses the energy of an electrochemical gradient to carry out its active transport
Types of Bulk transport Phagocytosis/endocytosis, receptor-mediated phagocytosis, pinocytosis and exocytosis
Created by: serrraphina
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