Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bio 458 Final
Plant Biochemistry final material
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Glyphosate | Widely used herbicide that functions by preventing ESPS synthase in the Shikimate pathway |
| Flavones | C4 carbonyl group with no hydroxyl groups, used for signaling and UV protection |
| Isoflavonoids | Flavones with the aromatic ring branch on carbon 3 of the carbonyl group |
| Flavonol | Hydroxyl group on carbonyl carbon 3, UV protection and antioxidant in humans |
| Anthocyanins | Flavynium ion (positive charge), Aglycone without glycosylation, anthocyanidin with glycosylation |
| Tannins | High molecular weight (big), protein binding due to aromatic rings. Antimicrobial and herbicide defense. Hydrolysable or Condensed forms |
| Isoprenoids | Hydrocabrons based off of 5 carbon isoprene units, |
| Mevalonate pathway | Cytosolic, 3x acetyl CoA -> mevalonate acid -> isopentenyl pyrophosphate -> dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) (using IPP isomerase) |
| Deoxy xylulose pathway | in plastids, mono, di and tetra formed. Pyruvate and glyceraldehyde-3-P to produce IPP and DMAPP. Key enzyme: deoxylylose phosphate synthase ( |
| Terpene synthases | form cyclizations of terpene precursors |
| Hemiterpenes | Volatile compound released from leaves for heat stress (blue mountains) |
| Monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes function | direct defense against insects, secondary defense (wasps) |
| Cyanogenic Glycosides | Glucosides that release CN when sugar is removed |
| Glucosinolates | thioglucosides or mustard oils, |
| Myrosinase | Hydrolyzes glycosinolates into isothiocyanate, activity prevented by cleaving sulfate from substrate |
| Shikimate acid pathway | makes aromatic amino acids |
| Salicylic Acid | used in aspirin, signal in resistance against plants. A phenolic |
| Salicylate phenolic glycosides | willow and poplar, prevent herbivory a phenolic |
| Methyl benzoate | coordination of circadian rhythm through timed release of volatile, a phenolic |
| Phenolic methyl esters | Used as a fragrance in roses, |
| Hydroxycinnamic acids and esters | Carboxylic acid connected along a C3-C6 bridge to a phenol |
| Coniferyl benzoate | Type of Hydroxycinnamic acid: Feeding deterrent in aspen and poplar buds |
| Chlorogenic acid | Type of Hydroxycinnamic acid: Feeding deterrent, |
| Sinapine | Type of Hydroxycinnamic acid: used for UV protection in canola |
| Lignans | Secondary metabolite, two phenylpropanoids connected with a C3-C6 bridge |
| Flax seed lignan | estrogen mimic in diet |
| Plicatic acid | Rotting resistance in redwoods |
| Pinoresinol | Heartwood, rotting resistance |
| Coumarins | intramolecular esters of p-coumaric acid, characterized by a lactone ring (carboxylic acid in a ring) |
| furanocoumarins (psoralin, xanthotoxin) | Phototoxins, acivated by UV light, cause blistering |
| Stillbenes | two aromatic rings connected with a 2 carbon bridge. p-coumaric a. plus 3x malonyl-CoA and using stillbene synthase |
| Phenolic | Aromatic ring with at least one OH group |
| Phenylpropanoid | Phenyl with a three carbon tail |
| Lignin | Highly branched phenolic polymer |
| G-Lignin | Guaiacyl, only kind that can be eaten |
| S-Lignin | Syringyl |
| Diterpenes | 20 carbon, 4 isoprenoid units |
| Gibberellins | diterpenes promoting shoot growth |
| Oleoresin | primary plant defence against mountain pine beetle |
| frontalin (male) verbenol (female,) exo-brevicomin (both sex) | Hormones produced by beetles to attract |
| ipsendiol, verbenone | repellent signals produced by beetles |
| Triterpenes | 2x FPP synthesized with squalene synthesis |
| Azadirachtin | tri-terpene derived toxin, contains limonoids |
| Cucurbitacin | most bittere compound in the world, tri-terpene derived toxin |
| Sterol | Triterpene with 4 rings and a 3' OH group |
| Saponins | Glycosylated tri-terpenes, (have a sugar) example yamonin from yam |
| Cardiac glyosides | Saponin that affects the muscles |
| Tetraterpenes | 2 x GGPP = 40 C (phytoene synthase) |
| Beta-carotene | vitamin A precursor |
| Golden rice | GMO to produce beta carotene |
| Polyterpenes | High molecular weight terpenes, includes latex and rubber |
Created by:
Ewilks12
Popular Biology sets