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U3 APBIO
unit 3 of AP Bio: enzymes and photosynthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ___ is a set of reactions in which light energy is transferred into energy | LDR |
| energy carrying molecules called ___ and ___ | NADPH and ATP |
| Energy carrier NADPH is mainly produced at the end of the ___ | electron transport chain (ETC) |
| energy carrier ATP is mainly produced by an enzyme called ___ | ATP synthase |
| ATP synthase is an ___ | enzyme |
| ATP synthase is dependent on a biochemical ___ of hydrogen ions | gradient |
| Some conditions may occur that could reduce the amount of gradient achieved, such as a stoppage in the flow of ___ through the ETC, or reduction in ___ energy, or even ___. | electrons, sunlight, leakage |
| We could speed up reaction by increasing the ___ or the ___ of the substrate | temperature, concentration |
| Raising the temperature would increase the probability of enzymes ___ with their substrates. | colliding |
| excessive heat could cause enzymes to ___ altogether | denature |
| Many cells, including plants, bacteria, fungi, and animal cells will undergo an ancient process that doesn't require mitochondria if they need energy in a situation that is ___ of oxygen. | absent |
| process that doesn't require mitochondria if they need energy in a situation absent of oxygen is called ___ | fermentation |
| fermentation may produce toxic substances such as ___ or ___, depending on the species | lactic acid, alcohol |
| Mitochondria rely on a chemical ___ to provide the energy needed for the enzyme ___ to make ATP | gradient, ATP synthase |
| In the mitochondria, chemical gradients of hydrogen ___, which can also be just called ___, are found in the membrane between the matrix and the inner membrane space. | ions, protons |
| Chemical gradients in mitochondria are produced with the help of the ETC. This is a series of enzymes located in the ___, which depends on high energy electrons to be brought in from the energy carriers ___ and ___. | inner membrane, NADH, FADH2 |
| If damage occurred to the ETC, the mitochondria would quickly experience a ___ in NADH and FADH2 and a ___ in ATP | build up, decrease |
| Endothermic animals will generally undergo ___ in respiration to stay warm in colder environments, while the bodies of ectotherms will likely show ___ in respiration when temperatures decrease | increases, decreases |
| To show the amount of oxygen consumption that a small animal is undergoing, we could safely put the animal in a ___ that would be designed with a capillary tube to show oxygen being consumed. | respirometer |
| Measures would have to be taken to accommodate for the gas called ___ being produced, such as the KOH, which could be safely placed in the respirometer to soak up this waste product | carbon dioxide |
| KOH cancels ___ | CO2 (carbon dioxide) |
| What's the independent variable? | The variable that is intentionally changed by the researcher in an experiment |
| What's the dependent variable? | The variable that is measured or observed in an experiment |
| Which treatment is the positive control? | Treatments that is known to produce a positive or expected result |
| What would be a suitable negative control? | Treatment or group that is not expected to produce a significant effect or response |
| If a significant difference existed at a specific time in the graph, how would the error bars look? | they wouldn't overlap |
Created by:
josie_dr
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