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GCSE Cell Biology

GCSE Cell Biology (Topic 1 AQA Combined Science) Flashcards

QuestionAnswer
Nucleus Contains genetic material
Mitochondria Where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place
Cell membrane Controls what goes in and out
Ribosomes Where proteins are made
Cytoplasm Where most of the chemical reactions take place
Cell Wall Made of cellulose - strengthens the cell
Chloroplasts Where photosynthesis occurs
Permanent vacuole Contains cell sap
Animal cell contains... Mitochondria, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm and ribosomes
Plant cell contains Mitochondria, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, chloroplasts, permanent vacuole and cell wall
Two differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells Prokayrotic cells are tiny compared to eukaryotic AND they don't have a true nucleus
Are bacterial cells prokayrotic or eukaryotic? Prokaryotic
Bacterial cells contain... Cell wall, plasmid, cell membrane and DNA loop floating in cytoplasm
Magnification equation Magnification = Image size/real size
Two differences between electron and light microscopes Electron microscopes have a higher magnification and resolution than light microscopes
Chromosomes Coiled up lengths of DNA molecules which carry genes.
Where a chromosomes found? In the nucleus, and theyre normally in pairs in body cells
Cell cycle A series of stages in which cells divide to produce new cells
Before a cell divides, it does three things... Grows in size, Increases the amount of subcellular structures and duplicates its DNA
Mitosis the stage of the cell cycle when the cell divides
What happens during mitosis? The cell's DNA doubles... One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell... The cytoplasm and cell membranes divide... Two identical cells are formed
Binary fission the simple cell division process by which bacterial cells replicate
Cell differentiation The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job
Sperm cells Reproduction - long tail and streamlined head for swimming to the egg
Nerve cells Rapid signalling - Long to cover a large distance and branched to form a network of connections
Xylem and phloem cells Transporting substances - Xylem cells are hollow and phloem cells have few subcellular structures SO substances can easily flow through
Muscle cells Contraction - Long so they have space to contract, and lots of mitochondria for energy
Root hair cell Absorbing water and minerals - Large surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil
Diffusion the spreading out of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration down a concentration gradient
Three factors that increase the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane A high concentration gradient A high temperature A large surface area
Osmosis The movement of water molecules across a partially membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration
Active transport The movement of a substance against the concentration gradient. It requires energy from respiration
What does Active transport allow? Mineral ions to be absorbed from the soil into root hair cells And glucose to be absorbed into the bloodstream from the gut
Do single-celled organisms have a large or small SA:V ratio and what does this mean? Large SO enough substances can pass across outer surface to meet needs of organism
Do multicellular organisms have a large of small SA:V ratio and what does this mean? Small SO many cells too far away from outer surface to get substances in and out this way
Created by: Jascelectronic
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