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Ch.10. vocab
exam 3
Term | Definition |
---|---|
social reproduction | the process by which society maintains an enduring character from generation to generation |
power elite | a relatively small group of interconnected people who occupy top positions in important social institutions |
pluralist theory of power | the idea that U.S. politics is characterized by competing groups that work together to achieve their goals |
elite theory of power | the idea that a small group of networked individuals controls the most powerful positions in our social institutions |
social capital | the number of people we know and the resources they can offer us |
social closure | a process by which advantaged groups preserve opportunities for themselves while restricting them for others |
cultural capital | symbolic resources that communicate one's social status |
fit | the feeling that our particular mix of cultural capital matches our social context |
ethnography | a research method that involves careful observation of naturally occurring social interaction, often as a participant |
field | the place or places where ethnographers conduct participant observation |
field notes | descriptive accounts of what occurred in the field, alongside tentative sociological observations |
cultural hegemony | power maintained primarily by persuasion |
hegemonic ideologies | shared ideas about how human life should be organized that are used to manufacture our consent to existing social conditions |
individualism | the idea that people are independent actors responsible primarily for themselves |
collectivism | the idea that people are interdependent actors with responsibilities primarily to the group |
xenophobia | prejudice against people defined as foreign |