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Water (Final)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Runoff/Infiltration capacity is controlled by | Intensity and duration of rainfall, prior wetted condition of the soil, soil texture, slope of the land, nature of the vegetative cover |
| Sheetflow develops into tiny channels called | rills |
| Basic classification of streams | Climatic zones, channel substrate, stream orders, drainage patterns, channel form |
| Climatic zones | Perennial Vs ephemera |
| Channel substrate | Bedrock Vs Alluvial |
| Stream orders | based on drainage basin development |
| Channel form | straight, meanders, braided channel, and branching |
| Interaction between groundwater and streams | Constitutes a basic link in the hydrologic cycle |
| types of interactions | Gaining streams, losing streams |
| Internal Stream Processes | Erosion, transport, deposition |
| Climatic zones effect | Stream depths |
| Geology effects | slope, bed characteristics (roughness) |
| Channel configuration effects | straight vs meander |
| Valley configuration effects | shape & size |
| Sediment effects | loads |
| Stream erosion | Lifting loosely consolidated particles, stronger currents lift particles more effectively |
| How does erosion lift particles? | Abrasion, dissolution/corrosion, plucking |
| Causes of Deposition | Reduction in discharge, increase in sediment supply, decrease in slope, increase in cross-sectional area, increase in boundary resistance, flow separation, obstructions of flow |
| Where does deposition occur? | In channel bars, floodplains, alluvial fans, deltas |
| Other impacts of deposition | Diversion of water for irrigation, channelization, pesticides and herbicides, trace metals, nutrients and organic contaminants |
| Groundwater | Water found in the pores of soil and sediment, plus narrow factures in bedrock |
| Why is groundwater important? | Its the largest reservoir of fresh water that is readily available to humans |
| Distribution of groundwater | Zone of saturation |
| Formation of the zone of saturation | Water reaches a zone where all of the open spaces in sediment and rock are completely filled with water. |
| Water table | The upper limit of the zone of saturation |
| Factors influencing the storage and movement of groundwater. | Porosity, permeability, aquitard, aquifer |
| Porosity | Percentage of total volume of rock or sediment that consists of pore spaces |
| What does porosity do? | Determines how much groundwater can be stored. Variations can be considered over short distance. |
| Features associated with groundwater | Springs, wells, artesian wells |
| Wells | Ensure a continuous supply of water, a well must penetrate below the water table |
| Pumping of wells can cause | Drawdown (lowering) of the water table, cone of depression in the water table |
| artesian wells | A situation in which groundwater under pressure rises above the level of the aquifer. |
| Problems associated with groundwater withdrawl | Treating groundwater as a nonrenewable resource |
| Groundwater contamination | Sewage, sinking a well, highway salt, fertilizers, pesticides, chemical and industrial materials |
Created by:
KenzieMWallace105
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