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Sediment (Final)

QuestionAnswer
Sediments and sedimentary rocks cover approximately _ percent of the earth 75
Sediments and sedimentary rocks compromise about _ percent (by volume) of Earth's outer 10 miles 5
Sedimentary rocks show evidence of Past environments
Sedimentary rocks are an important resource of Coal, oil, and other fossil fuels, groundwater resources
Sedimentary rocks are products of Mechanical and chemical weathering
What are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks Detrital, chemical, and organic
Form from sediments that have been weathered and transported Detrital
Chief constituents of detrital rocks Clay minerals, quartz, feldspars, and micas
_ is used to distinguish among the various types of detrital rocks Particle size
Clay-sized particles that form from the gradual settling of sediments in quiet, nonturbulent environments. It has fissility, crumbles easily and tends to form gentle slopes, and is the most abundant sedimentary rocks. Shale
Sand-sized particles that form in a variety of environments. It is the second-most abundant sedimentary rock, and quartz is the most abundant mineral. Sandstone
The particles in sandstone vary and are classified by Their sorting and shape
When sediments are siliceous, the surface water temperature is Cool
When sediments are calcareous, the surface water temperature is Warm
Main locations siliceous sediments are found Sea floor beneath cool surface water in high latitudes, upwelling areas, high latitude lakes
Main locations calcareous sediments are found Sea floor beneath warm surface water in low latitudes, coastal zones, tropical lakes
Chemical sedimentary rocks form from _ material that was once in _ form. Precipitated, solution
Precipitation of material occurs by Inorganic processes (such as evaporation) and organic processes from (water-dwelling organisms form biochemical sedimentary rocks)
Types of hydrogenous sediments Manganese nodules, phosphates, carbonates, metal sulfides, evaporite salts
Cosmogenous sediment is composed of Material derived from outer space
Two main types of cosmogenous sediments are Microscopic space dust and macroscopic meteor debris
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