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7th grade 2nd 9 wks
vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| cell theory | living things are made up of one or more cells, cells come from pre-existing cells, cells are the building block of life |
| protein | long chain of amino acid molecules |
| theory | explanation based on scientific knowledge resulting from several observations and experiments |
| cell membrane | protects the inside of the cell from the environment |
| cell wall | stuff structure outside of the cell membrane |
| chloroplast | uses light energy to make food |
| cytoplasm | fluid inside a cell that contains salts and other molecules |
| cytoskeleton | network of threadlike proteins inside a cell |
| nuclear envelope | surrounds and protects the nucleus |
| function | purpose for which something is used |
| nucleus | directs all cell activities and contains DNA |
| organelle | membrane-bound cell structure with a specialized function |
| active transport | movement of substances through cell membrane using the cells energy |
| diffusion | movement from an area of high concentration to lower concentration |
| facilitated diffusion | when molecules pass through a cell membrane using a transport protein |
| osmosis | diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane |
| passive transport | movement of substances through a cell membrane using energy |
| cellular respiration | series of chemical reactions that convert energy in food molecules into ATP |
| phoyosynthesis | series of chemical reactions that convert light, energy, water, and CO2 into glucose and give off oxygen |
| cell cycle | a series of events that take place in a cell that cause it to divide into two daughter cells |
| asexual reproduction | a type of reproduction in which one parent organism produces offspring without meiosis and fertilization |
| sexual reproduction | type of reproduction in which the genetic material from two different cells - a sperm and egg- combine producing offspring |
| mitosis | a process during which the nucleus and its contents divide |
| meiosis | a process in which one diploid cell divides to make one 4 haploid cells |
| chromosome | a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes |
| sister chromatid | two identical chromosomes that make up a duplicated chromosome |
| daughter cells | two new cells that result from mitosis and cytokinesis |
| DNA | the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid, an organism's genetic material |
| cell differentiation | the process by which cells become different types of cells |
| zygote | the earliest stage in human development. It occurs between the fusion of male and female gametes upon sexual reproduction |
| fertilization | the process of male and female gametes fusing together, beginning the development of a new organism |
| cloning | the process of generating a genetically identical copy of a cell or organism |
| egg | the female gamete, used for sexual reproduction |
Created by:
hannah.hornsby
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