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BIO 1113 Ch 18

Control od gene expression in Bacteria

TermDefinition
Transcriptional control Cell makes mRNAs for only the proteins that it needs. If mRNAs dont code for unneeded proteins, they wont be synthesized.
How does transcriptional control occur? When regulatory proteins affect RNAs ability to bind to promoter and initiate transcription.
Translational control Prevents mRNAS for unneeded proteins from being translated.
How does transcription occur? occurs either through regulation of mRNAs lifespan or ability to be translated
Post-translational control will modify activation of protein by controlling chemical modifications.
What does the body need to do to metabolize lactose? Transport sugar into cell using galactoside permease. enzyme β-galactosidase catalyses reaction that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose.
Inducer A small molecule that triggers transcription of a specific gene e.g lactose
What does lactose trigger and regulate? β-galactosidase gene
Repressor A regulatory protein
Negative Control Repressor binds to DNA and shuts down transcription.
activator Regulatory protein
Positive control Activator binds to DNA and activates transcription
Gene expression Process of converting information stored in DNA into active gene product (protein)
LacY The gene that encodes for galactosidase permease
LacZ gene for β-galactosidase
lacI gene for regulatory protein that shuts down lacZ and lacY.
Which gene produces a repressor protein that binds directly to DNA and overlaps the promoter for the lacZ and lacY genes? lacI
constitutive mutants Produce a product at all times Instead of regulating expression
Promoter Where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription
Operator Segment of DNA that acts as the on/off switch, where repressor binds (can be within promoter or b/t promoter genes); located near start of an operon.
Structural genes The genes that are co-regulated
Operon A set of coordinately regulated bacterial genes that are transcribed together into one mRNA.
Lac operon Group of genes involved in lactose metabolism
Lac A(enzyme transacetylase) Catalyzes reaction for sugar to be exported outside of the cell when sugar levels are too high.
How does lactose trigger transcription? Lactose binds to the repressor, changes its shape, and causes the repressor to release from its binding site in DNA.
Cotranscription When all lac genes are adjacent and transcribed into one mRNA initiated from a single promoter of the lac operon.
Allosteric regulation A small molecule binds to a protein and causes it to change its shape and activity.
What happens when an inducer binds to the receptor? It causes the repressor to change its shape and come off DNA strand.
How does cAMP function when glucose is scarce? When glucose is low, cAMP synthesis increases and CAP forms a complex with cAMP; then binds to promoter and stabilizes interaction of RNA polymerase with promoter.
T/F trp repressor is inactive unless tryptophan (a corepressor) binds to it True
Regulon Set of separate genes (or operons) controlled by a single regulatory protein
Created by: CarmTay
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