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NC 8 EOG
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absolute Age | The exact age of a rock |
| Adaptation | A trait that improves an organism's chance for survival |
| Adhesion | Water molecules stick to another surface |
| algal bloom | the rapid growth of algae due to too many nutrients in the water |
| antibiotic resistance | bacteria develop a tolerance to medicine |
| antibiotics | group of medicines used to kill bacterial disease |
| antimicrobial | substance that kills microbes (ex: hand sanitizer) |
| aquifer | underground rock layer that stores water |
| asthma | bronchi swell and person has difficulty breathing |
| atom | smallest unit of matter |
| atomic mass | protons + neutronsbottom number |
| atomic number | number of protonstop number |
| ATP | Chemical compound cells use for energy |
| Benthos | organisms that live near the ocean bottom |
| Boiling Point | temperature at which substance turns from liquid to gas |
| Buoyancy | Upward force of water on an object |
| Cancer | group of diseases caused by abnormal cell growth |
| carcinogen | chemical that causes cancer |
| carrier | organism that is infected with a disease, but does not show symptoms |
| cell | basic unit of structure and function in all living things |
| cell cycle | cells grow, make copies of their chromosomes, and divide to form daughter cells |
| cell membrane | the structure that surrounds a cell, protects cell from outside |
| cell theory | 1. all living things are made of cell2. a cell is the basic unit of structure and function3. all cells come from existing cells |
| cellular respiration | the process cells use to obtain energy from food |
| chemical bonds | forces that hold atoms together |
| chemical change | change in appearance and chemical make up-a new substance is formed |
| chemical formula | chemical symbols and subscripts that tell the number of atoms of each element in a compound |
| chemical reaction | process by which new substances are formed |
| chemical weathering | changes the chemical composition of rocks |
| chlorophyll | green pigment that captures the energy of the Sun to drive the proces of photosynthesis |
| chloroplast | a cell organelle where photosynthesis occurs |
| cilia | tiny hairs that cover the outside of the cell, used for movement |
| cohesion | the water sticks to other water molecules |
| compound | two or more elements chemically combined |
| concentration | amount of a substance in a given volume |
| conductor | material that allows heat and electricity to flow through it easily; characteristic of most metals |
| consumer | organism that gets energy by eating other organisms |
| contagion | disease that can be spread from one organism to another |
| continental drift | process by which the continents split apart from a single landmass |
| contour line | a line on a topographic map that connects areas with the same elevation (height) |
| contractile vacuole | cell structure used to pump water out of the cell; in Paramecium |
| convergent boundary | two tectonic plates push together; forms mountains |
| covalent bond | two atoms share electrons equally |
| cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm |
| cytoplasm | fluid that fills the space inside of a cell |
| decomposer | organism that obtains energy by breaking down wastes of organisms or the remains of dead organisms |
| density | mass/volume |
| DNA | nucleic acid that carries genetic information |
| desalination | process used to separate salt from seawater; results in fresh water and salt |
| divergent boundary | two techtonic plates move apart |
| dose | amount of a chemical given to an individual |
| ductile | able to be stretched into wires without breaking; characteristic of most metals |
| electron | subatomic particle that has a negative charge and is located around the outside of the nucleus |
| electron cloud | region surrounding the nucleus where the electrons are located |
| element | substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance |
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | moves molecules from one part of the cell to another |
| estuary | area where salty ocean water mixes with fresh water from rivers |
| eukaryote | organism whose cells have a nucleus |
| evolution | change over time |
| exposure time | how long an individual is exposed to a chemical |
| extinct | no longer found living on Earth |
| extinction | disappearance of a species from Earth |
| eyespot | an organell of the protist Euglena that is sensitive to light |
| fault | a break in Earth's surface |
| fertilizers | chemicals that help plants grow |
| fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) | illnesses that can affect the unborn child of a mother who drinks alcohol |
| flagellum | whiplike tail on cells, used for movement |
| food preservatives | chemicals used to prevent food from spoiling |
| food web | shows what each organism in an ecosystem eats |
| fossils | imprints of organisms that were once alive |
| gamete | sex cell (sperm/egg) |
| geologic time scale | timeline that organizes events in Earths History |
| glacier | moving mass of ice and snow |
| glycolysis | break down of glucose in a cell |
| Golgi apparatus | organelle that modifies proteins |
| ground truthing | checking features on a satellite image by visiting the location on Earth |
| groundwater | water located below Earth's surface |
| group | column of the periodic table; contains elements that have similar properties |
| homeostasis | maintaining stability/balance |
| hydrosphere | all of the water on Earth; includes groundwater, surface water, and water in the air/atmosphere |
| hydrothermal vents | cracks in the ocean crust that release mineral rich water that has been heated by Earth's interior |
| index fossil | the fossil of an organism that helps us determine the age of a rock |
| insulator | material that does not allow electricity or heat to flow through it easily; characteristic of most non-metals |
| interphase | a period of growth and DNA replication that occurs between cell divisions |
| intertidal zone | the shoreline area; where the tide comes in and out |
| ionic bonds | bonds formed by the transfer of electrons |
| law of conservation of matter | during a chemical reaction, matter cannot be created or destroyed |
| law of superposition | older rock layers are at the bottom, younger rock layers are at the top |
| lysosome | the organelle that digests nutrients and old organelles |
| magnetism | force of attraction between unlike poles (+/-), characteristic of metals |
| malleable | able to be hammered or bent without breaking |
| mass extinction | the disappearance of a large number of species in a short period of time |
| mechanical weathering | the break down of rocks into smaller pieces |
| meiosis | process in which organisms produce gametes |
| melting point | temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid |
| three types of elements | metal, non-metal, metalloid |
| location of metals on periodic table | left |
| location of non-metals on periodic table | right |
| location of metalliods on periodic table | staircase |
| group of elements that conducts heat and electricity, is shiny, and malleable | metals |
| group of elements that does not conduct heat or electricity, is dull, and not malleable | non-metals |
| group of elements that is sometimes shiny, sometimes malleable, and semi-conductors | metalloids |
| microbe | tiny organism that can be seen through a microscope |
| mitochondria | organelle that makes ATP (energy) for the cell to use |
| mitosis | process by which the nucleus divides to form two nuclei |
| mixture | two or more substances combined physically but not chemically |
| molecule | smallest unit of a compound |
| multicellular | organism made of more than one cell |
| mutagen | anything that changes the DNA of an organism |
| mutate | to change the genetic make-up of an organism |
| natural selection | the theory that explains how populations can eventually evolve into new species |
| nekton | swimming organisms in the ocean |
| neritic zone | slope from the shoreline to the ocean floor; contains coral reefs, where upwellings occur |
| neutron | particle that has no charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom |
| nitrates | used for growth by plants and algae |
| non-point source pollution | pollution that comes from many places or indirect |
| nuclear membrane | membrane around the nucleus of a cell |
| nucleus (atom) | center of an atom |
| nucleus (cell) | organelle that controls the cell |
| oceanic zone | open waters of the ocean |
| oceanography | study of the physical properties of the ocean |
| organelle | a structure inside a cell that carries out a process of life; mini-organ |
| parasite | organism that lives off another organism |
| pathogen | organism that causes disease |
| period | horizontal row of the periodic table |
| periodic table | chart that organizes elements |
| pesticides | chemicals designed to kills organisms that are considered pests (insects, weeds, etc) |
| pH | measure of how acidic or basic a substance is |
| physical change | change in appearance, but not in chemical make-up |
| plankton | tiny organisms that are moved by ocean currents |
| plate tectonics | the theory stating that the continents and oceans are all sitting on large pieces of rocks that are constantly moving |
| point-source pollution | pollution that comes from a single site; direct |
| polarity | slightly positive end, slightly negative end; property of water |
| potency | how powerful a chemical is |
| precipitate | solid that forms from a chemical reaction |
| producer | organism that makes its own food |
| product | substance formed during a chemical reaction |
| prokaryote | unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus |
| proton | subatomic particle with a positive charge, found in the nucleus |
| pseudopod | extension of the cytoplasm; used for movement by amoebas |
| reactant | substance that takes part in a chemical reaction |
| reflectance curve | a graph that shows how a surface of Earth reflects light |
| relative age | the age of an object compared to another object (older, younger, same age as) |
| remote sensing | gathering information from a distance or above |
| reproduction | ability of cells or organisms to make more organisms like themselves |
| ribosome | organelle where proteins are synthesized |
| risk-benefit analysis | the process of weighing the potential harm against the benefits |
| salinity | how salty water is |
| septic system | wastewater treatment system for an individual home or farm |
| solubility | the amount of a substance that will dissolve in another substance |
| solution | a substance made by dissolving one substance in another substance so that the two substances are evenly mixed |
| solvent | substance that dissolves another substance |
| sonar | using sound echoes to measure the depth of the ocean |
| specific heat | the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 degree |
| spectral analysis | study of the reflectance of objects or substances on Earth using satellite imagery |
| subduction | one tectonic plate sinks under another |
| surface tension | force that acts on the particles at the surface of a liquid; caused by cohesion |
| synthetic chemical | chemical that is not formed in nature; made by people |
| tectonic plates | giant chunks of land or ocean floor |
| theory of plat tectonics | theory that states that Earth's land is broke into large sections called tectonic plates that move and change position over time |
| topographic map | map that shows elevation (height) and vegetation (plants) |
| transform boundary | two tectonic plates slide past each other |
| turbidity | how muddy water is |
| unconformity | a missing rock layer; caused by weathering |
| unicellular | organism made of one cell |
| universal solvent | water can dissolve more substances that any other solvent |
| upwelling | movement of cold, nutrient-rich waters from the deep ocean into shallow areas; caused by wind blowing away from shore |
| urban sprawl | spreading out of a city |
| vaccination | a person is given a small dose of a weakened or inactive virus that builds a person's immune system defenses against that disease |
| vector | a living thing that spreads a disease |
| virus | a particle that consists of a nucleic acid enclosed in a protein shell that requires a host cell to reproduce; NON-living |
| volume | space an object takes up |
| wastewater | water that runs down a drain |
| wastewater treatment plants | facilities that process water to remove wastes and the release the clean water into a lake or stream |
| weathering | break down of rocks |
Created by:
slabedz
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